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Hmong language

Hmong
Mong
lus Hmoob / lug Moob / lol Hmongb / lus Hmôngz (Vietnam) / 𖬇𖬰𖬞 𖬌𖬣𖬵 / 𞄉𞄧𞄵𞄀𞄩𞄰‎
Pronunciation[m̥ɔ̃́]
Native toChina, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand
EthnicityHmong
Native speakers
4.5 million[a] (2015)[1]
Hmong writing: incl. Pahawh Hmong, Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong, multiple Latin standards
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-2hmn Hmong, Mong (China, Laos)
ISO 639-3hmn – inclusive code for the Hmong/Mong macrolanguage (China, Laos), including all Core Hmongic languages, except hmf and hmv
Individual codes:
cqd – Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao (cover term for Hmong in China)
hea – Northern Qiandong Miao
hma – Southern Mashan Hmong
hmc – Central Huishui Hmong
hmd – Large Flowery Miao
hme – Eastern Huishui Hmong
hmf – Hmong Don (Vietnam)
hmg – Southwestern Guiyang Hmong
hmh – Southwestern Huishui Hmong
hmi – Northern Huishui Hmong
hmj – Ge
hml – Luopohe Hmong
hmm – Central Mashan Hmong
hmp – Northern Mashan Hmong
hmq – Eastern Qiandong Miao
hms – Southern Qiandong Miao
hmv – Hmong Dô (Vietnam)
hmw – Western Mashan Hmong
hmy – Southern Guiyang Hmong
hmz – Hmong Shua (Sinicized Miao)
hnj – Mong Njua/Mong Leng (China, Laos), Blue/Green Hmong (United States)
hrm – A-Hmo, Horned Miao (China)
huj – Northern Guiyang Hmong
mmr – Western Xiangxi Miao
muq – Eastern Xiangxi Miao
mww – Hmong Daw (China, Laos), White Hmong (United States)
sfm – Small Flowery Miao
Glottologfirs1234
Linguasphere48-AAA-a
Map of Hmong-Mien languages, West Hmongic language in purple
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This article contains Pahawh Hmong Unicode characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of the Pahawh Hmong characters.

Hmong or Mong (/ˈmʌŋ/ MUNG; RPA: Hmoob, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰‎, Pahawh: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, [m̥ɔ̃́]) is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hainan, northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos.[2] There are an estimated 4.5 million speakers of varieties that are largely mutually intelligible, including over 280,000 Hmong Americans as of 2013.[3][4] Over half of all Hmong speakers speak the various dialects in China, where the Dananshan (大南山) dialect forms the basis of the standard language.[5] However, Hmong Daw and Mong Leng are widely known only in Laos and the United States; Dananshan is more widely known in the native region of Hmong.

  1. ^ Jarkey 2015, p. 11.
  2. ^ Ratliff, Martha (1992). Meaningful Tone: A Study of Tonal Morphology in Compounds, Form Classes, and Expressive Phrases in White Hmong. Dekalb, Illinois: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University.
  3. ^ Jarkey, Nerida (2015). Serial Verbs in White Hmong. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-29239-0.
  4. ^ Elizabeth M. Hoeffel; Sonya Rastogi; Myoung Ouk Kim; Hasan Shahid (March 2012). "The Asian Population: 2010" (PDF). 2010 Census Briefs. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  5. ^ Not of Chinese Miao as a whole for which the standard language is based on Hmu

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