Back Huis van Nassau Afrikaans عائلة ناساو Arabic Casa de Nassau AST Насауски род Bulgarian Casa de Nassau Catalan Nasavští Czech Huset Nassau Danish Haus Nassau German Οίκος του Νάσσαου Greek Nassau (dinastio) Esperanto

House of Nassau

This article is about the European aristocratic dynasty. For the former state ruled by this dynasty, the Countship and later Duchy of Nassau, see Nassau (state). For the armorial/coats of arms, see Armorial of the House of Nassau. For other uses, see Nassau (disambiguation).
House of Nassau
Armorial of the House of Nassau
Azure billetty or, a lion rampant of the last armed and langued gules
CountryGermany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, England, Scotland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Nassau, Orange
Foundedc. 1093
FounderDudo of Laurenburg
Current headHenri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (in cognatic line)
Titles
Estate(s)Nassau Castle
Dissolution1985 (in agnatic line)
Cadet branchesHouse of Nassau-Weilburg
House of Orange-Nassau
House of Nassau-Corroy

The House of Nassau is a diversified aristocratic dynasty in Europe. It is named after the lordship associated with Nassau Castle, located in present-day Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With the fall of the Hohenstaufen in the first half of the 13th century royal power within Franconia evaporated and the former stem duchy fragmented into separate independent states. Nassau emerged as one of those independent states as part of the Holy Roman Empire. The lords of Nassau were originally titled "Count of Nassau", subject only to the Emperor, and then elevated to the princely class as "Princely Counts". Early on they divided into two main branches: the elder (Walramian) branch, that gave rise to the German king Adolf, and the younger (Ottonian) branch, that gave rise to the Princes of Orange and the monarchs of the Netherlands.

At the end of the Holy Roman Empire and the Napoleonic Wars, the Walramian branch had inherited or acquired all the Nassau ancestral lands and proclaimed themselves, with the permission of the Congress of Vienna, the "Dukes of Nassau", forming the independent state of Nassau with its capital at Wiesbaden; this territory today mainly lies in the German Federal State of Hesse, and partially in the neighbouring State of Rhineland-Palatinate. The Duchy was annexed in 1866 after the Austrian-Prussian War as an ally of Austria by Prussia. It was subsequently incorporated into the newly created Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau.

Today, the term Nassau is used in Germany as a name for a geographical, historical and cultural region, but no longer has any political meaning. All Dutch and Luxembourgish monarchs since 1815 have been senior members of the House of Nassau. However, in 1890 in the Netherlands and in 1912 in Luxembourg, the male lines of heirs to the two thrones became extinct, so that since then, they have descended in the female line from the House of Nassau.

According to German tradition, the family name is passed on only in the male line of succession. The House would therefore, from this German perspective, have been extinct since 1985.[1][2] However, both Dutch and Luxembourgish monarchial traditions, constitutional rules and legislation in that matter differ from the German tradition, and thus neither country considers the House extinct. The Grand Duke of Luxembourg uses "Duke of Nassau" as his secondary title and a title of pretense to the dignity of Chief of the House of Nassau (being the most senior member of the eldest branch of the House), but not to lay any territorial claims to the former Duchy of Nassau which is now part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

  1. ^ Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicated in 1964, but she died in 1985
  2. ^ Clotilde Countess of Nassau-Merenberg is the last patrilineal descendant of the House of Nassau though she descends from a family considered to be non-dynastic

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