Back فيروس تي- الليمفاوي البشري من النوع الأول Arabic Lidský T-lymfotropní virus Czech Humanes T-lymphotropes Virus 1 German ویروس لنفوتروپیک سلول T انسانی نوع ۱ Persian Human T-Lymphotropic virus 1 HE Virus limfotropik sel T manusia tipe 1 ID 사람T세포림프친화바이러스 1형 Korean HTLV-1 LMO 人類嗜T淋巴球病毒一型 Chinese

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
a micrograph showing both Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and HIV
a micrograph showing both Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and HIV
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Pararnavirae
Phylum: Artverviricota
Class: Revtraviricetes
Order: Ortervirales
Family: Retroviridae
Genus: Deltaretrovirus
Species:
Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I), also called the adult T-cell lymphoma virus type 1, is a retrovirus of the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) family.

Most people with HTLV-1 infection do not appear to develop health conditions that can be directly linked to the infection. However, there is a subgroup of people who experience severe complications. The most well characterized are adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/Tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), both of which are only diagnosed in individuals testing positive to HTLV-1 infection. The estimated lifetime risk of ATL among people with HTLV-1 infection is approximately 5%, while that of HAM/TSP is approximately 2%.[1][2][3]

In 1977, Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) was first described in a case series of individuals from Japan.[4] The symptoms of ATL were different from other lymphomas known at the time. The common birthplace shared amongst most of the ATL patients was suggestive of an infectious cause, referred to as ATLV.[5] Strikingly, ATLV had the transforming activity in vitro.[6] These studies established that HTLV-1 was the causitive agent of ATL. The retrovirus is now generally called HTLV-I because later studies proved that ATLV is the same as the firstly identified human retrovirus called HTLV discovered by Bernard Poiesz and Francis Ruscetti and their co-workers in the laboratory of Robert C. Gallo at the National Cancer Institute.[7] Persistent lifelong infection is established when HTLV-1 integrates into the host genome as a provirus. A patient infected with HTLV-1 can be diagnosed when antibodies against HTLV-1 are detected in the serum.[8]

  1. ^ Legrand N, McGregor S, Bull R, Bajis S, Valencia BM, Ronnachit A, et al. (April 2022). "Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 35 (2): e0007821. doi:10.1128/cmr.00078-21. PMC 8941934. PMID 35195446.
  2. ^ Schierhout G, McGregor S, Gessain A, Einsiedel L, Martinello M, Kaldor J (January 2020). "Association between HTLV-1 infection and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 20 (1): 133–143. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30402-5. PMID 31648940. S2CID 204883551.
  3. ^ "Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report". www.who.int. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  4. ^ Uchiyama T, Yodoi J, Sagawa K, Takatsuki K, Uchino H (September 1977). "Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases". Blood. 50 (3): 481–492. doi:10.1182/blood.V50.3.481.481. PMID 301762.
  5. ^ Hinuma Y, Nagata K, Hanaoka M, Nakai M, Matsumoto T, Kinoshita KI, et al. (October 1981). "Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 78 (10): 6476–6480. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.6476H. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.10.6476. JSTOR 11091. PMC 349062. PMID 7031654.
  6. ^ Miyoshi I, Kubonishi I, Yoshimoto S, Akagi T, Ohtsuki Y, Shiraishi Y, et al. (December 1981). "Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells". Nature. 294 (5843): 770–771. Bibcode:1981Natur.294..770M. doi:10.1038/294770a0. PMID 6275274. S2CID 4361348.
  7. ^ Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Reitz MS, Kalyanaraman VS, Gallo RC (November 1981). "Isolation of a new type C retrovirus (HTLV) in primary uncultured cells of a patient with Sézary T-cell leukaemia". Nature. 294 (5838): 268–271. Bibcode:1981Natur.294..268P. doi:10.1038/294268a0. PMID 6272125. S2CID 262992.
  8. ^ Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E (April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 7 (4): 266–281. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6. PMID 17376384.

Developed by StudentB