Human ecosystem

Human ecosystems are human-dominated ecosystems of the anthropocene era that are viewed as complex cybernetic systems by conceptual models that are increasingly used by ecological anthropologists and other scholars to examine the ecological aspects of human communities in a way that integrates multiple factors as economics, sociopolitical organization, psychological factors, and physical factors related to the environment.

A human ecosystem has three central organizing concepts: human environed unit (an individual or group of individuals), environment, interactions and transactions between and within the components.^[1] The total environment includes three conceptually distinct, but interrelated environments: the natural, human constructed, and human behavioral. These environments furnish the resources and conditions necessary for life and constitute a life-support system.^[2]

^ Sprout, Harold Hance; Sprout, Margaret T. (1965). Sprout, H.H. and Sprout, M.: Ecological Perspective on Human Affairs (eBook and Paperback). Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691649382. Retrieved 2016-01-28. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
^ Bubolz, Margaret M.; Eicher, Joanne B.; Evers, Sandra J.; Sontag, M. Suzanne (1980). "A human ecological approach to quality of life: Conceptual framework and results of a preliminary study". Social Indicators Research. 7 (1–4): 103–136. doi:10.1007/bf00305595. S2CID 143456994.

[1] Sprout, Harold Hance; Sprout, Margaret T. (1965). Sprout, H.H. and Sprout, M.: Ecological Perspective on Human Affairs (eBook and Paperback). Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691649382. Retrieved 2016-01-28. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

[2] Bubolz, Margaret M.; Eicher, Joanne B.; Evers, Sandra J.; Sontag, M. Suzanne (1980). "A human ecological approach to quality of life: Conceptual framework and results of a preliminary study". Social Indicators Research. 7 (1–4): 103–136. doi:10.1007/bf00305595. S2CID 143456994.

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