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Hungary

This article is about the country. For other uses, see Hungary (disambiguation).

Hungary
Magyarország (Hungarian)
Anthem: "Himnusz" (Hungarian)[1]
(English: "Hymn")
Location of Hungary (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]
Location of Hungary (dark green)

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]

Capital
and largest city
Budapest
47°26′N 19°15′E / 47.433°N 19.250°E / 47.433; 19.250
Official languagesHungarian[2]
Ethnic groups
(2022 census)
Religion
(2022 census)[3]
  • 16.1% no religion
  • 1.3% others
  • 40.1% unanswered
Demonym(s)Hungarian
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
• President
Tamás Sulyok
Viktor Orbán
• Speaker
László Kövér
LegislatureNational Assembly
Formation
862–895[4]
895[5]
25 December 1000[6]
24 April 1222
29 August 1526
2 September 1686
15 March 1848
30 March 1867
4 June 1920
23 October 1989
Area
• Total
93,030[7] km2 (35,920 sq mi) (108th)
• Water (%)
3.7[7]
Population
• January 2024 estimate
9,584,627[8] (95th)
• 2022 census
9,603,634[9]
• Density
103/km2 (266.8/sq mi) (78th)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $448.456 billion[10] (53rd)
• Per capita
Increase $46,807[10] (43rd)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $228.806 billion[10] (57th)
• Per capita
Increase $23,881[10] (49th)
Gini (2023)Negative increase 29.0[11]
low inequality
HDI (2022)Increase 0.851[12]
very high (47th)
CurrencyForint (HUF)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Date formatyyyy. mm. dd.
Drives onright
Calling code+36
ISO 3166 codeHU
Internet TLD.hu[a]
  1. ^ The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.

Hungary[a] is a landlocked country in Central Europe.[2] Spanning 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi) of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of 9.5 million, mostly ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, a language belonging to the Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, is the official language, and Budapest is the country's capital and largest city.

Prior to the foundation of the Hungarian state, various peoples settled in the territory of present-day Hungary, most notably the Celts, Romans, Huns, Germanic peoples, Avars and Slavs. The Principality of Hungary was established in the late 9th century by Álmos and his son Árpád through the conquest of the Carpathian Basin.[13][14] King Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000, converting his realm to a Christian kingdom. The medieval Kingdom of Hungary was a European power, reaching its height in the 14th–15th centuries.[15] After a long period of Ottoman wars, Hungary's forces were defeated at the Battle of Mohács and its capital was captured in 1541, opening roughly a 150 years long period when the country was divided into three parts: Royal Hungary, loyal to the Habsburgs; Ottoman Hungary; and the largely independent Principality of Transylvania. The reunited Hungary came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century, fighting a war of independence in 1703–1711, and a war of independence in 1848–1849 until a compromise allowed the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1867, a major power into the early 20th century.[16] Austria-Hungary collapsed after World War I, and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon in 1920 established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its historical territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of its ethnic Hungarians.[17][18][19]

In the interwar period, after initial turmoil, Miklós Horthy ascended as a determining politician, representing the monarchy as regent in place of the Habsburgs. Hungary joined the Axis powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties.[20][21] As a result, the Hungarian People's Republic was established as a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Following the failed 1956 revolution, Hungary became comparatively freer, but still remained a repressed member of the Eastern Bloc. In 1989, concurrently with the Revolutions of 1989, Hungary peacefully transitioned into a democratic parliamentary republic,[22] joining the European Union in 2004 and being part of the Schengen Area since 2007. Since the election of Viktor Orbán in 2010, Hungary has undergone democratic backsliding becoming an illiberal democracy and hybrid regime.

Hungary is a high-income economy with universal health care and tuition-free secondary education.[23][24] Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science and technology.[25][26][27][28] It is a popular tourist destination in Europe, drawing 24.5 million international tourists in 2019.[29] It is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Visegrád Group.[30]

  1. ^ "The Story Behind the Hungarian National Anthem". Jules S. Vállay. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b "The Fundamental Law of Hungary" (PDF). Hungarian State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  3. ^ "A népesség vallás, felekezet és nemek szerint: népszámlálások 1930, 1949, 2001, 2011, 2022" [Population by religion, denomination and gender: censuses 1930, 1949, 2001, 2011, 2022] (XLSX file) (official statistics). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 26 September 2023.
  4. ^ Történelem 5. az általános iskolások számára [History 5. for primary school students] (PDF) (in Hungarian). Oktatási Hivatal (Hungarian Educational Authority). 2020. pp. 15, 112, 116, 137, 138, 141. ISBN 978-615-6178-37-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  5. ^ Encyclopedia Americana: Heart to India. Vol. 1. Scholastic Library Pub. 2006. p. 581. ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6.
  6. ^ University of British Columbia. Committee for Medieval Studies, Studies in medieval and renaissance history, Committee for Medieval Studies, University of British Columbia, 1980, p. 159
  7. ^ a b "Hungary". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  8. ^ "22.1.2.1. Resident population by sex, county and region, 1 January (annual series)". www.ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  9. ^ "2022 Hungarian census". www.ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH). 7 December 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Hungary)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  11. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  12. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. p. 288. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Hungary in the Carpathian Basin" (PDF). Lajos Gubcsi. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  14. ^ Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Vol. 36. Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences). 1982. p. 419.
  15. ^ Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, ISBN 963-9252-56-5, p. 687, pp. 37, pp. 113 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált"/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European constituent, became a middle power", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország ... /Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644
  16. ^ "Austria-Hungary, HISTORICAL EMPIRE, EUROPE". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  17. ^ Richard C. Frucht (31 December 2004). Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 360. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6.
  18. ^ "Trianon, Treaty of". The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2009.
  19. ^ "Text of the Treaty, Treaty of Peace Between The Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary And Protocol and Declaration, Signed at Trianon June 4, 1920". Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  20. ^ Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite Archived 16 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine John F. Montgomery, Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite. Devin-Adair Company, New York, 1947. Reprint: Simon Publications, 2002.
  21. ^ Thomas, The Royal Hungarian Army in World War II, pg. 11
  22. ^ "1989. évi XXXI. törvény az Alkotmány módosításáról" [Act XXXI of 1989 on the Amendment of the Constitution]. Magyar Közlöny (in Hungarian). 44 (74). Budapest: Pallas Lap- és Könyvkiadó Vállalat: 1219. 23 October 1989.
  23. ^ OECD (27 June 2013). "OECD Health Data: Social protection". OECD Health Statistics (Database). doi:10.1787/data-00544-en. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  24. ^ Eurydice. "Compulsory Education in Europe 2013/2014" (PDF). European commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  25. ^ "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners, 13 Hungarian win Nobel Prize yet". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  26. ^ "Population per Gold Medal. Hungary has the second highest gold medal per capita in the world. All together it has 175 gold medal until 2016". medalspercapita.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  27. ^ Hungarian literature – ”Popular poetry is the only real poetry was the opinion of Sándor Petőfi, one of the greatest Hungarian poets, whose best poems rank among the masterpieces of world literature”., Encyclopædia Britannica, 2012 edition
  28. ^ Szalipszki, pg.12
    Refers to the country as "widely considered" to be a "home of music".
  29. ^ "STADAT – 4.5.3. The number of inbound trips to Hungary and the related expenditures by motivation (2009–)". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  30. ^ "International organizations in Hungary". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.


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