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Hypernymy and hyponymy

An example of the relationship between hyponyms and hypernym

Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term.[1][2][3][4] The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym. The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym.[5] For example, pigeon, crow, and hen are all hyponyms of bird and animal; bird and animal are both hypernyms of pigeon, crow, and hen.[6]

A core concept of hyponymy is "type of", whereas "instance of" is differentiable. For example, for the noun city, a hyponym (naming a type of city) is capital city or capital, whereas Paris and London are instances of a city, not types of city.

  1. ^ "Umbrella Term Law and Legal Definition". uslegal.com. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Umbrella term is also called a hypernym
  2. ^ Alexander Dhoest (2016). LGBTQs, Media and Culture in Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 165. ISBN 9781317233138. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Hypernym can also be called an "Umbrella term"
  3. ^ Robert J. Sternberg (2011). Handbook of Intellectual Styles. Springer Publishing Company. p. 73. ISBN 9780826106681. Retrieved December 11, 2018. umbrealla term, or hypernym
  4. ^ Frank W. D. Röder (2011). The Roeder Protocol. Books on Demand. p. 77. ISBN 9783842351288. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Synaptic plasticity is a hypernym (umbrella term)
  5. ^ Brinton, Laurel J. (2000). The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction (Illustrated ed.). John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 112. ISBN 978-90-272-2567-2.
  6. ^ Fromkin, Victoria; Robert, Rodman (1998). Introduction to Language (6th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. ISBN 978-0-03-018682-0.[page needed]

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