Ifriqiya

Ifriqiya (Arabic: إفريقية, lit. 'Africa' Ifrīqya), also known as al-Maghrib al-Adna (Arabic: المغرب الأدنى) or Oriental Berberia,^[1]^[2] was a medieval historical region comprising today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania (roughly western Libya).^[3]^[4]^[5] It included all of what had previously been the Byzantine province of Africa Proconsularis and extended beyond it,^[6] but did not include the Mauretanias.^[7]

To the south, Ifriqiya was bounded by the semi-arid lands and salt marshes named el-Djerid. The northern boundary fluctuated from as far north as Sicily to the North African coastline, and the western boundary usually reached Béjaïa. Ifriqiya is bordered to the west by the Central Maghreb, with which the borders are fluid depending on the chroniclers and the eras. The capital was briefly Carthage, then Qayrawan (Kairouan), then Mahdia, then Tunis.^[8] The Aghlabids, from their base in Kairouan, initiated the invasion of Southern Italy beginning in 827, and established the Emirate of Sicily, which lasted until it was conquered by the Normans, and the short-lived Emirate of Bari.

^ Meri, Josef W. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0.
^ Brunschvig 1982, p.1
^ (in French) Article « Ifriqiya » (Larousse.fr).
^ Michael Brett (2013). Approaching African History. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-84701-063-6.
^ Youssef M. Choueiri (2008). A Companion to the History of the Middle East. John Wiley & Sons. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4051-5204-4.
^ Ramzi Rouighi (2019). Inventing the Berbers History and Ideology in the Maghrib. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-8122-9618-1.
^ Valérian, Dominique (2019). "Ifrīqiya". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658.
^ "Arabic Thought and Its Place in History - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.

[1] Meri, Josef W. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0.

[2] Brunschvig 1982, p.1

[3] (in French) Article « Ifriqiya » (Larousse.fr).

[Michael_Brett-4] Michael Brett (2013). Approaching African History. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-84701-063-6.

[Youssef_M._Choueiri-5] Youssef M. Choueiri (2008). A Companion to the History of the Middle East. John Wiley & Sons. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4051-5204-4.

[Ramzi_Rouighi-6] Ramzi Rouighi (2019). Inventing the Berbers History and Ideology in the Maghrib. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-8122-9618-1.

[Valérian-7] Valérian, Dominique (2019). "Ifrīqiya". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658.

[8] "Arabic Thought and Its Place in History - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.

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