| Illusory palinopsia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Palinopsia simulation | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
Illusory palinopsia is a subtype of palinopsia, a visual disturbance defined as the persistence or recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed.[1] Palinopsia is a broad term describing a heterogeneous group of symptoms, which is divided into hallucinatory palinopsia and illusory palinopsia.[2] Illusory palinopsia is likely due to sustained awareness of a stimulus and is similar to a visual illusion: the distorted perception of a real external stimulus.
Illusory palinopsia is caused by migraines,[3] hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD),[4] prescription drugs, and head trauma,[5] but is also sometimes idiopathic.[6] Illusory palinopsia consists of afterimages that are short-lived or unformed, occur at the same location in the visual field as the original stimulus, and are often exposed or exacerbated based on environmental parameters such as stimulus intensity, background contrast, fixation, and movement.[2] Illusory palinopsia symptoms occur continuously or predictably, based on environmental conditions. The term is from Greek: palin for "again" and opsia for "seeing".
- ^ Bender, MB; Feldman, M; Sobin, AJ (Jun 1968). "Palinopsia". Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 91 (2): 321–38. doi:10.1093/brain/91.2.321. PMID 5721933.
- ^ a b Gersztenkorn, D; Lee, AG (Jul 2, 2014). "Palinopsia revamped: A systematic review of the literature". Survey of Ophthalmology. 60 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.06.003. PMID 25113609.
- ^ Simpson, JC; Goadsby, PJ; Prabhakar, P (Nov 2013). "Positive persistent visual symptoms (visual snow) presenting as a migraine variant in a 12-year-old girl". Pediatric Neurology. 49 (5): 361–3. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.07.005. PMID 23968568.
- ^ Levi, L; Miller, NR (Jun 1990). "Visual illusions associated with previous drug abuse". Journal of Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology. 10 (2): 103–10. PMID 2141849.
- ^ Abert, B; Ilsen, PF (Aug 2010). "Palinopsia". Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.). 81 (8): 394–404. doi:10.1016/j.optm.2009.12.010. PMID 20655497.
- ^ Pomeranz, HD; Lessell, S (Feb 22, 2000). "Palinopsia and polyopia in the absence of drugs or cerebral disease". Neurology. 54 (4): 855–9. doi:10.1212/wnl.54.4.855. PMID 10690976. S2CID 27592052.