Income inequality in China

China's current mainly market economy features a high degree of income inequality. According to the Asian Development Bank Institute, “before China implemented reform and opening-up policies in 1978, its income distribution pattern was characterized as egalitarian in all aspects.”^[1]

A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) estimated that China's Gini coefficient increased from 0.30 to 0.55 between 1980 and 2002.^[2] At this time, the Gini coefficient for rural – urban inequality was only 0.16. As of 2019^[update], the official Gini coefficient in China was 0.465; inequality was at its highest in the 2000s, with numerous sources reporting a significant decline in the 2010s.^[3]

^ Jiang, Shixue (2003). "Third World approach to globalization: comparing Latin America and China". International Latin American Studies Review (5). Tokyo: 123–130.
^ Xie, Yu; Zhou, Xiang (2014). "Income inequality in today's China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (19): 6928–6933. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6928X. doi:10.1073/pnas.1403158111. PMC 4024912. PMID 24778237.
^ "Just how Dickensian is China?". The Economist. 2 October 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 15 May 2023.

[1] Jiang, Shixue (2003). "Third World approach to globalization: comparing Latin America and China". International Latin American Studies Review (5). Tokyo: 123–130.

[xie-zhou2014-2] Xie, Yu; Zhou, Xiang (2014). "Income inequality in today's China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (19): 6928–6933. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6928X. doi:10.1073/pnas.1403158111. PMC 4024912. PMID 24778237.

[:0-3] "Just how Dickensian is China?". The Economist. 2 October 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 15 May 2023.

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