Indonesia Raya

Indonesia Raya
English: 'Indonesia the Great'
	Music sheet of "Indonesia Raya"
	National anthem of Indonesia
Also known as	Indonesia Raja (old spelling)
Lyrics	Wage Rudolf Supratman, 1924; National Anthem Committee (led by Sukarno), 1944
Music	Wage Rudolf Supratman, 1924
Adopted	17 August 1945 (original); 17 August 1950 (official); 7 December 1975 (by East Timor under Indonesia)
Relinquished	1999 (by East Timor)
Audio sample
	U.S. Navy Band instrumental rendition in A-flat major file; help;

"Indonesia Raya" ('Indonesia the Great') is the national anthem of Indonesia. It has been the national anthem since the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945. The song was introduced by its composer, Wage Rudolf Supratman, on 28 October 1928 during the Youth Pledge in Jakarta.^[1] The song marked the birth of the archipelago nationalist movement in Indonesia that aims to gain independence from Dutch colonial rule. The first newspaper to openly publish the musical notation and lyrics of "Indonesia Raya"—an act of defiance towards the Dutch authorities—was the Chinese Indonesian weekly Sin Po.^[2]

The first stanza of "Indonesia Raya" was chosen as the national anthem when Indonesia proclaimed its independence on 17 August 1945. Jozef Cleber, a Dutch composer, created an arrangement of the tune for philharmonic orchestra on August 17, 1950, when the island of Sumatra became an integral part of the Republic of Indonesia. This arrangement is widely used.^[3]^[4]

A Japanese propaganda film emphasising "Indonesia Raya", a song with an equal status that of "Kimigayo" as the de facto national anthem of Indonesia during Japanese occupation, c. 1945.

"Indonesia Raya" is played in flag raising ceremonies in schools across Indonesia every Monday. The flag is raised in a solemn and timed motion so that it reaches the top of the flagpole as the anthem ends. The main flag raising ceremony is held annually on 17 August to commemorate Independence day. The ceremony is led by the President of Indonesia and is usually held in Merdeka Palace.

During the rendition or singing of the national anthem, all present should stand, face toward the music, and pay respect. Members of the Armed Forces, and other persons in uniform (e.g. secondary school students) must render the military salute.^[5]

^ "Indonesia – Indonesia Raya". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
^ "National Geographic Indonesia Pewarta Melayu-Tionghoa di era pergerakan nasional". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011.
^ "Error". www.jakarta.go.id.
^ Putra, Febriansyah Pratama; Fajriudin, Fajriudin; Permana, Agus (17 September 2020). "Perkembangan Lagu Indonesia Raya (Tahun 1928-2009)". Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah. 4 (2): 269–286. doi:10.15575/hm.v4i2.9525. ISSN 2723-4185.
^ Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 (in Indonesian). 2009 – via Wikisource.

[1] "Indonesia – Indonesia Raya". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved 27 November 2011.

[2] "National Geographic Indonesia Pewarta Melayu-Tionghoa di era pergerakan nasional". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011.

[3] "Error". www.jakarta.go.id.

[4] Putra, Febriansyah Pratama; Fajriudin, Fajriudin; Permana, Agus (17 September 2020). "Perkembangan Lagu Indonesia Raya (Tahun 1928-2009)". Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah. 4 (2): 269–286. doi:10.15575/hm.v4i2.9525. ISSN 2723-4185.

[5] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 (in Indonesian). 2009 – via Wikisource.

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