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Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information; and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.[1]
The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s.[2][3] Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.[4]
Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals.[5] Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.[6][7][8]
Intelligence in computers or other machines is called artificial intelligence.
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