Jacobite Army (1745)

Jacobite Army
Jacobite standard, 1745
Active	1745–1746
Allegiance	House of Stuart
Size	9,000 to 14,000
Engagements	Jacobite rising of 1745 Battle of Prestonpans First Siege of Carlisle Clifton Moor Skirmish Second Siege of Carlisle Battle of Falkirk Muir Battle of Culloden
Commanders
Notable commanders	Charles Edward Stuart Lord George Murray John Drummond James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth John William O'Sullivan Viscount Strathallan  †

The Jacobite Army, sometimes referred to as the Highland Army,^[1] was the military force assembled by Charles Edward Stuart and his Jacobite supporters during the 1745 Rising that attempted to restore the House of Stuart to the British throne.

Starting with less than 1,000 men at Glenfinnan in August 1745, the Jacobite army won a significant victory at Prestonpans in September. A force of about 5,500 then invaded England in November and reached as far south as Derby before successfully retreating into Scotland. Reaching a peak strength of between 9,000 and 14,000, they won another victory in January 1746 at Falkirk, before defeat at Culloden in April. While a large number of Jacobites remained in arms, lack of external and domestic support combined with overwhelming government numbers meant they dispersed, ending the rebellion.

Once characterised as a largely Gaelic-speaking force recruited from the Scottish Highlands using traditional weapons and tactics, modern historians have demonstrated this was only partially accurate. The army also included a large number of north-eastern and lowland Scots, along with substantial Franco-Irish and English contingents, who were drilled and organised in line with contemporary European military practices.