Back جيمس فارمر (سياسي) Arabic James Farmer Esperanto James Farmer Spanish James L. Farmer, Jr. French ג'יימס פארמר HE James Farmer Italian James L. Farmer Lithuanian James Farmer Polish جیمز فارمر Pashto/Pushto
James L Farmer Jr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st National Director of the Congress of Racial Equality | |
| In office 1942–1966 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Floyd McKissick |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Leonard Farmer Jr. January 12, 1920 Marshall, Texas, US |
| Died | July 9, 1999 (aged 79) Fredericksburg, Virginia, US |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) |
Winnie Christie
(m. 1945–1946)Lula Peterson (m. 1949–1977) |
| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | James L. Farmer Sr. (father) |
| Education | Wiley University (BS) Howard University (BDiv) |
James Leonard Farmer Jr. (January 12, 1920 – July 9, 1999) was an American civil rights activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement "who pushed for nonviolent protest to dismantle segregation, and served alongside Martin Luther King Jr."[1] He was the initiator and organizer of the first Freedom Ride in 1961, which eventually led to the desegregation of interstate transportation in the United States.[1][2]
In 1942, Farmer co-founded the Committee of Racial Equality in Chicago along with George Houser, James R. Robinson, Samuel E. Riley, Bernice Fisher, Homer Jack, and Joe Guinn. It was later called the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and was dedicated to ending racial segregation in the United States through nonviolence. Farmer served as the national chairman from 1942 to 1944.
By the 1960s, Farmer was known as "one of the Big Four civil rights leaders in the 1960s, together with King, NAACP chief Roy Wilkins and Urban League head Whitney Young."[2][3][4]
- ^ a b Ogline Titus, Jill. "James Farmer (1920–1999)". Encyclopedia Virginia/Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Obituary: Civil rights leader James Farmer dead at 79 by Paul Tolme, The Associated Press". Santa Cruz Sentinel [Santa Cruz, Calif.] July 10, 1999. p. 12. Retrieved May 24, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
ISBN 1682260186
- ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths FARMER, JAMES". The New York Times. 13 July 1999.
- ^ "NAACP celebrates 90th birthday, recommits to civil rights (NY: Associated Press)". The Index Journal [Greenwood, South Carolina]. 11 July 1999. p. 8. Retrieved 24 May 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
