James I of Aragon

James I
Jaime in 1265, giving orders to a guard in the royal palace
King of Aragon Count of Barcelona
Reign	12 September 1213 – 27 July 1276
Predecessor	Peter II
Successor	Peter III
Born	2 February 1208 Montpellier
Died	27 July 1276 (aged 68) Alzira, Valencia
Burial	Poblet Monastery
Spouses	Eleanor of Castile ​ ​ (m. 1221; ann. 1229)​ Violant of Hungary ​ ​ (m. 1235; died 1251)​ Teresa Gil de Vidaure
Issue among others...	Violant, Queen of Castile Constance, Lady of Villena Peter III, King of Aragon James II, King of Majorca Isabella, Queen of France
House	Barcelona
Father	Peter II of Aragon
Mother	Maria of Montpellier

James I the Conqueror (Catalan/Valencian: Jaume I or Jaume el Conqueridor; Aragonese: Chaime I o Conqueridor; Spanish: Jaime I de Aragón or Jaime I el Conquistador; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and King of Valencia from 1238 to 1276. His long reign of 62 years is not only the longest of any Iberian monarch, but one of the longest monarchical reigns in history, ahead of Hirohito but remaining behind Queen Elizabeth II, Queen Victoria, and Ferdinand III of Naples and Sicily.

King James I saw the expansion of the Crown of Aragon in three directions: Languedoc to the north, the Balearic Islands to the southeast, and Valencia to the south. By a treaty with Louis IX of France, he achieved the renunciation of any possible claim of French suzerainty over the County of Barcelona and the other Catalan counties, while he renounced northward expansion and taking back the once Catalan territories in Occitania and vassal counties loyal to the County of Barcelona, lands that were lost by his father Peter II of Aragon in the Battle of Muret during the Albigensian Crusade and annexed by the Kingdom of France, and then decided to turn south. His great part in the Reconquista was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary Ferdinand III of Castile in Andalusia. One of the main reasons for this formal renunciation of most of the once Catalan territories in Languedoc and Occitania, and any expansion into them, is that he was raised by the Knights Templar Crusaders, who had defeated his father, who was fighting for the Pope alongside the French. It was thus effectively forbidden for him to try to maintain the traditional influence of the Count of Barcelona that previously existed in Occitania and Languedoc.

As a legislator and organiser, he occupies a high place among the European kings. King James I compiled the Llibre del Consolat de Mar,^[1] which governed maritime trade and helped establish Aragonese supremacy in the western Mediterranean. He was an important figure in the development of the Catalan language, sponsoring Catalan literature and writing a quasi-autobiographical chronicle of his reign: the Llibre dels fets.