James Tod

Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod
The frontispiece of the 1920 edition of Tod's Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han
Born	(1782-03-20)20 March 1782 Islington, London, UK
Died	18 November 1835(1835-11-18) (aged 53) London
Occupation(s)	Political agent, historian, cartographer, numismatist
Employer	East India Company
Notable work	Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han Travels in Western India
Spouse	Julia Clutterbuck ​ ​ (m. 1826⁠–⁠1835)​
Children	Grant Heatly Tod-Heatly Edward H. M. Tod Mary Augusta Tod
Parents	James Tod Mary Heatly

Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod (20 March 1782 – 18 November 1835) was an officer of the British East India Company and an Oriental scholar. He combined his official role and his amateur interests to create a series of works about the history and geography of India, and in particular the area then known as Rajputana that corresponds to the present day state of Rajasthan, and which Tod referred to as Rajast'han.

Tod was born in London and educated in Scotland. He joined the East India Company as a military officer and travelled to India in 1799 as a cadet in the Bengal Army. He rose quickly in rank, eventually becoming captain of an escort for an envoy in a Sindian royal court. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, during which Tod was involved in the intelligence department, he was appointed Political Agent for some areas of Rajputana. His task was to help unify the region under the control of the East India Company. During this period Tod conducted most of the research that he would later publish. Tod was initially successful in his official role, but his methods were questioned by other members of the East India Company. Over time, his work was restricted and his areas of oversight were significantly curtailed. In 1823, owing to declining health and reputation, Tod resigned his post as Political Agent and returned to England.

Back home in England, Tod published a number of academic works about Indian history and geography, most notably Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han, based on materials collected during his travels. He retired from the military in 1826, and married Julia Clutterbuck that same year. He died in 1835, aged 53.