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Javanese people

For other uses, see Javanese (disambiguation).

Javanese
A Javanese bride and groom in traditional wedding dresses
Total population
More than 100 million
Regions with significant populations
 Indonesia98,217,022 (2010)[2]
 Malaysiac. 1,500,000 (including Malaysian citizens counted as "Malays")[note 1]
 Saudi Arabia1,000,000 (2014) (Javanese and Indonesian descent are often referred to as 'Al-Jawi' which means people from the Javanese islands (modern Indonesia))[6][7][8]
 Singaporec. 400,000 (including Singaporean citizens, more than 60% of Singaporean Malays are of Javanese descent)[9]
 Suriname102,000 (2019) (Javanese Surinamese)[10]
 Netherlands21,700[11][12]
 Sri Lanka8,500[13]
 New Caledonia4,100[14]
 Thailand3,000[15]
Languages
  • Native:
  • Dialects:
    • Western Javanese (North Banten, Cirebon, Tegal, Banyumasan) Central Javanese (Mataram, Pekalongan, Bagelen, Semarang, Blora, Madiunan) and Eastern Javanese (Arekan, Jombang, Tengger, Osing)
  • Other:
Religion
Predominantly
Sunni Islam (97.15%)
Minorities
Christianity 2.56% (1.59% Protestant and 0.97% Roman Catholic), Hinduism (0.17%), Buddhist (0.10%), Others (0.01%)[16]
Related ethnic groups
This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

The Javanese (/dʒɑːvəˈniːz/, jah-və-NEEZ,[17] /dʒæv-/ jav-, /-ˈniːs/ -⁠NEESS;[18] Indonesian: Orang Jawa; Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ, Wong Jawa (in Ngoko register); ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ, Tiyang Jawi (in Krama register))[19] are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the central and eastern part of the Indonesian island of Java. With more than 100 million people,[20] Javanese people are the largest ethnic group in both Indonesia and in Southeast Asia as a whole. Their native language is Javanese, it is the largest of the Austronesian languages in number of native speakers and also the largest regional language in Southeast Asia.[21] As the largest ethnic group in the region, the Javanese have historically dominated the social, political, and cultural landscape of both Indonesia and Southeast Asia.[22]

There are significant numbers of Javanese diaspora outside of central and eastern Java regions, including the other provinces of Indonesia, as well as other countries such as Suriname, Singapore, Malaysia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Yemen and the Netherlands.[23][24][25][26] The Javanese ethnic group has many sub-groups (based on native Javanese community on the island of Java) that can be distinguished based on their characteristics, customs, traditions, dialects, or even their respective ways of life. These include Banyumasan, Cirebonese, Mataram, Osing, and Tenggerese.[27] The majority of the Javanese people identify themselves as Sunni Muslims, with a small minority identifying as Christians and Hindus. With a large global population, the Javanese are considered significant as they are the largest Muslim ethnic group in the Far East and the fourth largest in the world after the Arabs,[28] Bengalis,[29] and Punjabis.[30]

Javanese civilisation has been influenced by more than a millennium of interactions between the native animism Kejawen and the Indian Hindu—Buddhist culture, and this influence is still visible in Javanese history, culture, traditions, and art forms. The ancient Javanese kingdoms of Singhasari and Majapahit were among the most powerful maritime empires in the region, whose boundaries included most of Maritime Southeast Asia and parts of Indochina. Javanese heritage has created magnificent religious monuments such as Borobudur and Prambanan which are among the world's largest temples. Javanese culture has a strong influence in most of the Southeast Asian countries. In Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore, the influence of Javanese culture can be seen in many aspects of modern Malay culture.[31] Javanese culture has greatly influenced their traditional cuisine with many dishes such as satay, sambal, ketupat, nasi kuning (pulut kuning), and rojak. Kris weaponry, batik and ronggeng dance art, gamelan musical instruments, and wayang kulit puppetry[32] were introduced to them through Javanese contact. Javanese culture has also spread widely beyond Southeast Asia such as Sri Lanka, South Africa, and Suriname, where many of the Javanese diaspora live there.[33][34]

  1. ^ Pramono, S. B. (2013). Piwulang Basa Jawa Pepak. Grafindo Litera Media. ISBN 978-979-3896-38-0.
  2. ^ Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia (Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010) [Citizenship, Ethnicity, Religion, and Languages of the Indonesian Population (Results of the 2010 Population Census)] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Central Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia, 2010
  3. ^ "History of Javanese Migration to Malaysia" (in Indonesian). Kompas. 5 August 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  4. ^ "The Javanese connection in Malaysia". MalaysiaKini. 21 November 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  5. ^ A Preliminary Report on the Javanese in Selangor, Malaysia (PDF). Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 26, No.2. 2 September 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  6. ^ Kompasiana (2016). Kami Tidak Lupa Indonesia. Bentang Pustaka. ISBN 9786022910046.
  7. ^ Silvey, Rachel (2005), "Transnational Islam: Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia", in Falah, Ghazi-Walid; Nagel, Caroline (eds.), Geographies of Muslim Women: Gender, Religion, and Space, Guilford Press, pp. 127–146, ISBN 1-57230-134-1
  8. ^ "Negara yang Banyak Orang Jawa, Nomor 1 Jumlahnya Lebih dari 1,5 Juta Jiwa". Sindo.
  9. ^ Milner, Anthony (2011). "Chapter 7, Multiple forms of 'Malayness'". The Malays. John Wiley & Sons. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-7748-1333-4. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  10. ^ "Suriname". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  11. ^ Ko Oudhof, Carel Harmsen, Suzanne Loozen en Chan Choenni, "Omvang en spreiding van Surinaamse bevolkingsgroepen in Nederland Archived 18 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine" (CBS – 2011)
  12. ^ Ko Oudhof en Carel Harmsen, "De maatschappelijke situatie van Surinaamse bevolkingsgroepen in Nederland Archived 18 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine" (CBS – 2011)
  13. ^ Project, Joshua. "Javanese in Sri Lanka". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  14. ^ Institut de la statistique et des études économiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie (ISEE). "Population totale, selon la communauté par commune et Province de résidence" (in French). Archived from the original (XLS) on 28 September 2007.
  15. ^ "Meeting Javanese People in Thailand". UNAIRGoodNews. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2010census was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
  18. ^ "Javanese". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  19. ^ Pramono, S.B. (2013). Piwulang Basa Jawa Pepak. Grafindo Litera Media. ISBN 978-979-3896-38-0.
  20. ^ Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M. Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (December 2015). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity (in Indonesian). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. doi:10.1355/9789814519885. ISBN 978-981-4519-87-8. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  21. ^ "Javanese language". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  22. ^ Thornton, David Leonard (1972). Javanization of Indonesian politics (Thesis). The University of British Columbia. doi:10.14288/1.0101705. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  23. ^ Shucker, M. A. M. (1986). Muslims of Sri Lanka: avenues to antiquity. Jamiah Naleemia Inst.
  24. ^ Williams, Faldela (1988). Cape Malay Cookbook. Struik. ISBN 978-1-86825-560-3. ISBN 1-86825-560-3.
  25. ^ Matusky, Patricia Ann; Sooi Beng Tan (2004). The music of Malaysia: the classical, folk, and syncretic traditions. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 107. ISBN 978-0-7546-0831-8. ISBN 0-7546-0831-X.
  26. ^ Osnes, Beth (2010). The Shadow Puppet Theatre of Malaysia: A Study of Wayang Kulit with Performance Scripts and Puppet Designs. McFarland. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7864-4838-8. ISBN 0-7864-4838-5.
  27. ^ "Publication Name:". Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  28. ^ Margaret Kleffner Nydell Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times, Intercultural Press, 2005, ISBN 1931930252, page xxiii, 14
  29. ^ roughly 152 million Bengali Muslims in Bangladesh and 36.4 million Bengali Muslims in the Republic of India (CIA Factbook 2014 estimates, numbers subject to rapid population growth); about 10 million Bangladeshis in the Middle East, 1 million Bengalis in Pakistan, 5 million British Bangladeshi.
  30. ^ Gandhi, Rajmohan (2013). Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten. New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois: Aleph Book Company. p. 1. ISBN 978-93-83064-41-0.
  31. ^ Simanjuntak, Truman; Ingrid Harriet Eileen Pojoh; Muhamad Hisyam (2006). Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonesian archipelago. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 422. ISBN 978-979-26-2436-6.
  32. ^ GHULAM-SARWAR YOUSOF (26 April 2013), ISSUES IN TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN CULTURE, Partridge Singapore, pp. 107–, ISBN 978-1-4828-9540-7
  33. ^ Shucker, M. A. M. (1986). Muslims of Sri Lanka: avenues to antiquity. Jamiah Naleemia Inst. OCLC 15406023.
  34. ^ Williams, Faldela (1988). Cape Malay Cookbook. Struik. ISBN 978-1-86825-560-3.


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