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John Bardeen | |
|---|---|
 Bardeen in 1956 | |
| Born | May 23, 1908 Madison, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | January 30, 1991 (aged 82) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Wisconsin–Madison (BS, MS) Princeton University (PhD) |
| Known for | |
| Spouse |
Jane Maxwell (m. 1938) |
| Children | |
| Awards |
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| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | |
| Thesis | Quantum Theory of the Work Function (1936) |
| Doctoral advisor | Eugene Wigner[3] |
| Other academic advisors | John Hasbrouck Van Vleck[4] |
| Doctoral students | |
| Notes | |
He is the only person to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. | |
John Bardeen ForMemRS (/bɑːrˈdiːn/; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991)[2] was an American physicist and electrical engineer. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.[1][7]
The transistor revolutionized the electronics industry, making possible the development of almost every modern electronic device, from telephones to computers, and ushering in the Information Age. Bardeen's developments in superconductivity—for which he was awarded his second Nobel Prize—are used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and superconducting quantum circuits.
Born and raised in Wisconsin, Bardeen received a Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University. After serving in World War II, he was a researcher at Bell Labs and a professor at the University of Illinois. In 1990, Bardeen appeared on Life magazine's list of "100 Most Influential Americans of the Century."[8]
Bardeen is the first of only three people to have won multiple Nobel Prizes in the same category (the others being Frederick Sanger and Karl Barry Sharpless in chemistry), and one of five persons with two Nobel Prizes.
- ^ a b Bardeen Biography from the Nobel Foundation
- ^ a b Pippard, B. (1994). "John Bardeen. 23 May 1908–30 January 1991". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 39: 20–34. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0002. S2CID 121943831.
- ^ a b c John Bardeen at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- ^ Bardeen, J. (1980). "Reminiscences of Early Days in Solid State Physics". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 371 (1744): 77–83. Bibcode:1980RSPSA.371...77B. doi:10.1098/rspa.1980.0059. ISSN 0080-4630. JSTOR 2990278. S2CID 121788084.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
knightridderwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Elizabeth Greytak, Systems Analyst". The Boston Globe. Boston. December 25, 2000. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
- ^ Hoddeson, Lillian and Vicki Daitch. True Genius: the Life and Science of John Bardeen. National Academy Press, 2002. ISBN 0-309-08408-3
- ^ "John Bardeen, Nobelist, Inventor of Transistor, Dies". Washington Post. January 31, 1991. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2007.