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John Chrysostom | |
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| Born | c. 347 AD[a] Antioch, Roman Syria, Roman Empire |
| Died | 14 September 407[1] Comana, Diocese of Pontus, Roman Empire[1] |
| Venerated in | |
| Canonized | Pre-congregational |
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| Attributes | Vested as a bishop, holding a Gospel Book or scroll, right hand raised in blessing. He is depicted as emaciated from fasting, with a high forehead, balding with dark hair and a small beard. Symbols: beehive, a white dove, a pan, chalice on a bible, pen and inkhorn[citation needed] |
| Patronage | Constantinople, education, epilepsy, lecturers, public speakers,[3] preachers[4] |
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| Catholic philosophy |
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| Overview |
John Chrysostom (/ˈkrɪsəstəm, krɪˈsɒstəm/; Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος, Latin: Ioannes Chrysostomus; c. 347 – 14 September 407 AD)[5] was an important Early Church Father who served as Archbishop of Constantinople. He is known for his preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority[6] by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, his Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom, and his ascetic sensibilities. The epithet Χρυσόστομος (Chrysostomos, anglicized as Chrysostom) means "golden-mouthed" in Greek and denotes his celebrated eloquence.[1][7] Chrysostom was among the most prolific authors in the early Christian Church.
He is honored as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches, as well as in some others. The Eastern Orthodox, together with the Byzantine Catholics, hold him in special regard as one of the Three Holy Hierarchs (alongside Basil the Great and Gregory of Nazianzus). Along with them and Athanasius of Alexandria he is also regarded as one of the four Great Greek Church Fathers[8] The feast days of John Chrysostom in the Eastern Orthodox Church are 14 September, 13 November and 27 January. In the Roman Catholic Church he is recognized as a Doctor of the Church. Because the date of his death is occupied by the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (14 September), the General Roman Calendar celebrates him since 1970 on the previous day, 13 September; from the 13th century to 1969 it did so on 27 January, the anniversary of the translation of his body to Constantinople.[9] Of other Western churches, including Anglican provinces and Lutheran churches, some commemorate him on 13 September, others on 27 January. John Chrysostom is honored on the calendars of the Church of England and the Episcopal Church on 13 September.[10][11] The Coptic Church also recognizes him as a saint (with feast days on 16 Thout and 17 Hathor).[12]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ a b c Baur 1910.
- ^ "Notable Lutheran Saints". Resurrectionpeople.org. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ "Caughwell, Thomas J., "A patron saint for public speakers", Arlington Catholic Herald, September 7, 2016". Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
episcopalwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The exact date of John's birth is in question, and dates between 344 and 349 are often given, and limits set at 340 and 350 (Kelly 296). In the most recent general biography of Chrysostom, eminent patristics scholar JND Kelly, after a review of the evidence and literature, favours 349 as the date that best fits all available evidence, in agreement with Robert Carter. See Kelly, Golden Mouth: The Story of John Chrysostom: Ascetic, Preacher, Bishop, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1998: originally published Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995), p. 4 fn. 12; esp. 296–298 passim. For a concurring analysis which is followed in most recent reconstructions of the early life of Chrysostomos, see Robert Carter, "The Chronology of St. John Chrysostom's Early Life", in Traditio 18:357–364 (1962). For a discussion of alternatives, often in older literature, see especially G. Ettlinger, Traditio 16 (1960), pp. 373–380, Jean Dumortier, "La valeur historique du dialogue de Palladius et la chronologie de saint Jean Chrysostome", Mélanges de science religieuse, 8:51–56 (1951)
- ^ Wilken 2013.
- ^ Pope Vigilius, Constitution of Pope Vigilius, p. 553
- ^ William Dool KILLEN (1871). The Old Catholic: Or the History, Doctrine, Worship, and Polity of the Christians. T T Clark Edinburgh. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-85323-479-1.
- ^ "Calendarium Romanum" (in Latin). Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis. 1969. pp. 102–103. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "The Calendar". The Church of England. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ^ "John Chrysostom, Bishop and Theologian, 407". The Episcopal Church. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ^ Coptic synaxarium Archived 27 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine