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Sir Joseph Banks | |
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| Born | 24 February 1743 (13 February O.S.) 30 Argyll Street, London, England |
| Died | 19 June 1820 (aged 77) Spring Grove House, Isleworth, London, England |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
| Known for | Voyage of HMS Endeavour, exploration of Botany Bay |
| Spouse | Dorothea Banks |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Botany |
| Institutions | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Banks |
| 21st President of the Royal Society | |
| In office 1778–1820 | |
| Preceded by | Sir John Pringle |
| Succeeded by | William Hyde Wollaston |
| Signature | |
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Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, GCB, FRS (24 February [O.S. 13 February] 1743 – 19 June 1820[1]) was an English naturalist, botanist, and patron of the natural sciences.[2]
Banks made his name on the 1766 natural-history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771), visiting Brazil, Tahiti, and after 6 months in New Zealand, Australia, returning to immediate fame. He held the position of president of the Royal Society for over 41 years. He advised King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and by sending botanists around the world to collect plants, he made Kew the world's leading botanical garden. He is credited for bringing 30,000 plant specimens home with him; amongst them, he was the first European to document 1,400.[3]
Banks advocated British settlement in New South Wales and the colonisation of Australia, as well as the establishment of Botany Bay as a place for the reception of convicts, and advised the British government on all Australian matters. He is credited with introducing the eucalyptus, acacia, and the genus named after him, Banksia, to the Western world. Around 80 species of plants bear his name. He was the leading founder of the African Association and a member of the Society of Dilettanti, which helped to establish the Royal Academy.
- ^ Sir Joseph Banks, Baronet. Britannica.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2015.
- ^ Gascoigne, John (2004). "Banks, Sir Joseph, baronet (1743–1820), naturalist and patron of science". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1300. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 8 February 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Gooley, Tristan (2012). The Natural Explorer. London: Sceptre. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-444-72031-0.