June 2013 Egyptian protests

30 June protests
Part of the 2012–2013 Egyptian protests during the Egyptian Crisis
Tahrir Square, 2 July 2013
Date	30 June 2013 (2013-06-30) – 3 July 2013 (3 days)
Location	Egypt 30°2′40″N 31°14′8″E / 30.04444°N 31.23556°E / 30.04444; 31.23556
Caused by	Policies of President Mohamed Morsi
Goals	Overthrow of Mohamed Morsi Suspension of the constitution Early presidential elections
Resulted in	2013 Egyptian coup d'état
Parties
Opposition: Political groups/movements: National Salvation Front Tamarod[1] April 6 Youth Movement[2] Revolutionary Socialists[3] Free Egyptians Party[4] Al-Wafd[5] Institutions: Al-Azhar[6][7] Coptic Orthodox Church[8] Judges' Club[9] Unaffiliated protesters: Nationalists[10] Liberals[11] Leftists[3][12] Secularists[13][14] Anarchists[15] Feminists[16] Artists and intellectuals[19] Anti-sexual harassment activists[20] Others Government: Muslim Brotherhood, FJP (Constituent Assembly) Qandil Cabinet Egyptian Islamic Labour Party
Lead figures
Mahmoud Badr (Co-leader of Tamarod) Mohamed ElBaradei (Co-leader of the NSF and leader of the Constitution Party) Hamdeen Sabahi (Co-leader of the NSF and leader of the Egyptian Popular Current) Amr Moussa (Co-leader of the NSF and leader of Conference Party) George Isaac (Key opposition activist and member of the Constitution Party) Ahmed Maher (Co-leader of the April 6 Youth Movement) Mohamed Abou El-Ghar (Leader of the Egyptian Social Democratic Party) Mohamed Morsi (President of Egypt) Hesham Qandil (Prime Minister of Egypt) Saad El-Katatni (Chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party) Mohammed Badie (Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood) Khairat el-Shater (Deputy Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood)

Part of a series on the Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
Main topics 2011 Egyptian revolution Sinai insurgency Military transitional council 2012–2013 Egyptian protests Egyptian Constitution of 2012 June 2013 Egyptian protests 2013 Egyptian coup d'état Post-coup unrest in Egypt Insurgency in Egypt
Elections 2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election 2012 Egyptian Shura Council election 2012 Egyptian presidential election 2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2014 Egyptian presidential election 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election
Background History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt Corruption in Egypt Terrorism in Egypt
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The 30 June protests occurred in Egypt on 30 June 2013, marking the one-year anniversary of Mohamed Morsi's inauguration as president.^[21] The events ended with the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état after mass protests across Egypt demanding the immediate resignation of the president.^[22] The rallies were partly a response to Tamarod, an ostensibly^[23] grassroots movement that launched a petition in April 2013, calling for Morsi and his government to step down. Tamarod claimed to have collected more than 22 million signatures for their petition by June 30,^[24][25][26] although this figure was not verified by independent sources.^[27] A counter-campaign in support of Morsi's presidency, named Tagarod (meaning impartiality), claimed to have collected 26 million signatures by the same date,^[28] but this figure was also unverified and not mentioned in media nearly as much as Tamarod's, with no reliable sources repeating it.^[29] The movements in opposition to Morsi culminated in the June 30 protests that occurred across the country. According to the Egyptian military, which calculated the number of protesters via helicopter scans of demonstration perimeters across the country, the June 30 protests had 32 million protesters, making them "the biggest protests in Egypt's history."^[22][30] However, independent observers raised concerns that the Egyptian government exaggerated the actual number of anti-Morsi protestors, with some research determining that only around one to two million people protested across the country against Morsi.^[31][32]

Reasons for demanding Morsi's resignation included accusations of increasing authoritarianism and his pushing through an Islamist agenda disregarding the predominantly secular opposition or the rule of law.^[33][34][35] The uprising concluded seven months of protests that started when the Morsi government issued a highly controversial constitutional declaration that gave him temporary sweeping powers over the state's judicial system until the new constitution was passed.^[36][37][38] The June 30 protests resulted in the overthrow of Morsi by the Egyptian military three days later, with Adly Mansour replacing Morsi as president of Egypt on July 4.^[39]