Kedah

Kedah
Kedah
State
	Kedah Darul Aman; قدح دار الأمان
Other transcription(s)
• Jawi	قدح
• Chinese	吉打; Jídǎ (Hanyu Pinyin)
• Tamil	கடாரம்; Keṭā (Transliteration)
• Thai	เกอดะฮ์; Koeda (RTGS)
	; Flag ; Coat of arms
	Nickname(s): Negeri Jelapang Padi; The Rice Bowl State
	Anthem: Allah Selamatkan Sultan Mahkota; God Save the Crowned Sultan;
	Kedah in Malaysia
Country	Malaysia
Old Kedah	2nd CE
Kedah Sultanate	1136
Siamese control	1821
British control	1909
Japanese occupation	1942
Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya	31 August 1957
Capital	Alor Setar[a]; 6°07′42″N 100°21′46″E / 6.12833°N 100.36278°E
Largest city	Sungai Petani
Ethnic groups (2020)	76.6% Bumiputera 76.2% Malay; 0.4% indigenous groups from Sabah and Sarawak; ; 11.8% Chinese; 6.0% Indian; 1.2% Other ethnicities; 4.4% Non-citizens;
Religion (2020)	78.5% Sunni Islam (official); 12.4% Buddhism; 5.9% Hinduism; 0.8% Christianity; 0.5% Other religions; 2.0% No religion/Unknown;
Demonym(s)	Kedahan
Government	Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Sultan	Sallehuddin
• Menteri Besar	Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor ; (PN–PAS)
Legislature	Legislative Assembly
Area
• Total	9,492 km2 (3,665 sq mi)
Highest elevation (Mount Bintang)	1,862 m (6,109 ft)
Population
• 2020 census	2,131,427
• Density	224.55/km2 (581.6/sq mi) (8th)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$40.312 billion (10th)
• Per capita	$18,429 (13th)
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$12.397 billion (10th)
• Per capita	$5,779 (13th)
Gini (2022)	0.359; low
HDI (2022)	0.771; high · 14th
Currency	Malaysian ringgit (RM/MYR)
Time zone	UTC+8 (Malaysian Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	left
Calling code	+604-4, +604-7, +604-9
Postal code	05xxx to 09xxx
ISO 3166 code	MY-02
Website	kedah.gov.my
	^[a] Including royal seat in suburb Anak Bukit.

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Kedah (Malay pronunciation: [kəˈdah]),^[7] also known by its honorific Darul Aman (دار الأمان; Arabic for 'The Safe Abode') and historically as Queda,^[8] is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and consists of a mainland portion and the Langkawi islands. The mainland has relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice, while Langkawi is composed of mostly of uninhabited islands.

Kedah was previously known as Kadaram (Tamil: கடாரம்; Kaṭāram) by the ancient and medieval Tamils, Kataha or Kalahbar (Arabic: قتح; qataḥa or Arabic: قلحبر; qalaḥbar) by the Arabs, and Syburi (Thai: ไทรบุรี; RTGS: Sai Buri) by the Siamese when it was under their influence.^[9]^[10]

Kedah borders the state of Perlis to the north and shares an international boundary with the Songkhla and Yala provinces of Thailand. It borders the states of Perak to the south and Penang to the southwest.

The state's capital is Alor Setar and the royal seat is in the capital's suburb Anak Bukit. Other major towns include Sungai Petani (its largest urban area by population), and Kulim on the mainland, and Kuah on Langkawi.

^ ^a ^b "Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020" (pdf) (in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-2000-85-3.
^ ^a ^b DOSM. "Department of Statistics Malaysia". www.dosm.gov.my. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
^ "Laporan Sosioekonomi Negeri Kedah 2023". Department of Statistics Malaysia (in Malay). August 2024. ISSN 2600-9919.
^ "Subnational Human Development Index (7.0) [Kedah – Malaysia]". Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
^ "Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010" (PDF). Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
^ "Population by States and Ethnic Group". Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia. 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ "Kedah pronunciation". Forvo.
^ "Enakmen Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Islam (Kedah Darul Aman) 2008 - Enakmen 5 Tahun 2008". www2.esyariah.gov.my. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
^ Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Goh Geok (2000). Ancient Southeast Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-73554-4.
^ Cyril Skinner, The Civil War in Kelantan in 1839, Kuala Lumpur: Monographs of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, 1965.

[2020KF-1] "Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020" (pdf) (in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-2000-85-3.

[:dosm-2] DOSM. "Department of Statistics Malaysia". www.dosm.gov.my. Retrieved 11 September 2023.

[dosm2024-3] "Laporan Sosioekonomi Negeri Kedah 2023". Department of Statistics Malaysia (in Malay). August 2024. ISSN 2600-9919.

[4] "Subnational Human Development Index (7.0) [Kedah – Malaysia]". Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Retrieved 16 December 2023.

[statistics_a-5] "Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010" (PDF). Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2011.

[2020_population-6] "Population by States and Ethnic Group". Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia. 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2015.

[7] "Kedah pronunciation". Forvo.

[8] "Enakmen Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Islam (Kedah Darul Aman) 2008 - Enakmen 5 Tahun 2008". www2.esyariah.gov.my. Retrieved 29 April 2020.

[9] Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Goh Geok (2000). Ancient Southeast Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-73554-4.

[10] Cyril Skinner, The Civil War in Kelantan in 1839, Kuala Lumpur: Monographs of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, 1965.

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Kedah
State
Kedah Darul Aman قدح دار الأمان
Other transcription(s)
• Jawi	قدح
• Chinese	吉打 Jídǎ (Hanyu Pinyin)
• Tamil	கடாரம் Keṭā (Transliteration)
• Thai	เกอดะฮ์ Koeda (RTGS)
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s): Negeri Jelapang Padi The Rice Bowl State
Anthem: Allah Selamatkan Sultan Mahkota God Save the Crowned Sultan
Kedah in Malaysia
Country	Malaysia
Old Kedah	2nd CE
Kedah Sultanate	1136
Siamese control	1821
British control	1909
Japanese occupation	1942
Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya	31 August 1957
Capital	Alor Setar^[a] 6°07′42″N 100°21′46″E / 6.12833°N 100.36278°E / 6.12833; 100.36278
Largest city	Sungai Petani
Ethnic groups (2020)^[1]	76.6% Bumiputera 76.2% Malay 0.4% indigenous groups from Sabah and Sarawak 11.8% Chinese 6.0% Indian 1.2% Other ethnicities 4.4% Non-citizens
Religion (2020)^[1]	78.5% Sunni Islam (official) 12.4% Buddhism 5.9% Hinduism 0.8% Christianity 0.5% Other religions 2.0% No religion/Unknown
Demonym(s)	Kedahan
Government	Parliamentary constitutional monarchy

• Sultan	Sallehuddin
• Menteri Besar	Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor (PN–PAS)

Legislature	Legislative Assembly
Area
• Total	9,492 km² (3,665 sq mi)
Highest elevation (Mount Bintang)	1,862 m (6,109 ft)
Population
• 2020 census	2,131,427
• Density	224.55/km² (581.6/sq mi) (8th)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$40.312 billion (10th)
• Per capita	$18,429 (13th)
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$12.397 billion^[2] (10th)
• Per capita	$5,779^[2] (13th)
Gini (2022)	0.359^[3] low
HDI (2022)	0.771^[4] high · 14th
Currency	Malaysian ringgit (RM/MYR)
Time zone	UTC+8 (Malaysian Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	left
Calling code	+604-4, +604-7, +604-9
Postal code	05xxx to 09xxx
ISO 3166 code	MY-02
Website	kedah.gov.my
^[a] Including royal seat in suburb Anak Bukit.