Khrushchev is one of numerous transliterations of the Russian male surname Хрущёв. Its feminine counterpart is Khrushcheva (Хрущёва). Notable people with the surname include:
- Leonid Khrushchev (1917–1943), missing aviator
- Lyudmila Khrushcheva (born 1955), Russian racewalker
- Nikita Khrushchev (1894–1971), leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964
- Nikita Khrushchev (journalist) (1959–2007), grandson of Nikita Khrushchev Sr.
- Nina Kukharchuk (1900–1984), wife of Nikita Khrushchev Sr.
- Nina L. Khrushcheva (born 1964), great-granddaughter of Nikita Khrushchev Sr.
- Sergei Khrushchev (1935-2020), engineer and son of Nikita Khrushchev Sr.