Levantine dish of ground meat and bulgur
This article is about the Middle Eastern dish. For butter, see
Niter kibbeh .
Kibbeh Fried kibbeh raas (nabulsi kibbeh )
Course Meze Place of origin Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Armenia, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Turkey Region or state Levant , Mesopotamia , Caucasus , East Mediterranean Serving temperature Hot (or raw as Kibbeh nayyeh ) Main ingredients Finely ground meat, cracked wheat (bulgur), and Levantine spices
Kibbeh (, also kubba and other spellings; Arabic : كبة , romanized : kibba ) is a popular dish in the Levant based on spiced lean ground meat and bulgur wheat . Kibbeh is considered to be a national dish of Syria and Lebanon .[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
In Levantine cuisine , kibbeh is made by pounding bulgur wheat together with meat into a fine paste and forming it into ovoid shapes, with toasted pine nuts and spices. It may also be layered and cooked on a tray, deep-fried , grilled, or served raw .[ 7] The Syrian city of Aleppo can lay claim to at least 17 types of kibbeh.[ 8] In Mesopotamian cuisine , versions with rice or farina are found.[ 9]
Outside of Syria ,[ 10] versions are found in Cyprus , Egypt , Israel , Palestine , the Persian Gulf , Armenia , and Turkey ,[ 4] and among Assyrian people .[ 11] It is also found throughout Latin American countries that received substantial numbers of immigrants from the Levant during the late 19th and early 20th centuries,[ 12] as well as parts of North America.[ 13]
^ "Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic" . Travel . 2011-09-13. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016. Retrieved 2020-08-08 .
^ George, Maria. Mediterranean Cuisine: Flavors for a Healthier You , Christian Faith Publishing, Inc. 2019, Page 301
^ Marks, Gil (17 November 2010). Encyclopedia of Jewish Food . HMH. ISBN 978-0-544-18631-6 – via Google Books.
^ a b Perry, Charles (2014). Davidson, Alan (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Food . Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 244, 444–445. ISBN 978-0191040726 .
^ Howell, Sally (2000). Arab Detroit: From Margin to Mainstream . Wayne State University Press. ISBN 9780814328125 – via Google Books.
^ Helou, Anissa (4 October 2018). Feast: Food of the Islamic World . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781526605566 – via Google Books.
^ Perry, Charles PerryCharles (2006), Jaine, Tom (ed.), "kibbeh" , The Oxford Companion to Food , Oxford University Press, doi :10.1093/acref/9780192806819.001.0001 , ISBN 978-0-19-280681-9 , retrieved 2021-02-11
^ Khalaf, Hala (2018-08-09). "A guide to kibbeh" . The National . Retrieved 2024-04-24 .
^ Annia Ciezadlo (2012). Day of Honey: A Memoir of Food, Love, and War . Simon and Schuster. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-4391-5753-4 .
^ "Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic" . Travel . 2011-09-13. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016. Retrieved 2020-08-08 .
^ Edelstein, Sari (2010). Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals . Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 594. ISBN 9781449618117 .
^ Brown, Ellen (6 October 2020). Meatballs: The Ultimate Cookbook . Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781646430147 .
^ "Kibbe at the Crossroads: A Lebanese Kitchen Story" . npr.org . Retrieved 13 November 2017 .