Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia

Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia
*Kraljevina Hrvatska i Slavonija* (Croatian)
Краљевина Хрватска и Славонија (Serbian)
*Horvát–Szlavón Királyság* (Hungarian)
*Königreich Kroatien und Slawonien* (German)
Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia Kraljevina Hrvatska i Slavonija (Croatian); Краљевина Хрватска и Славонија (Serbian); Horvát–Szlavón Királyság (Hungarian); Königreich Kroatien und Slawonien (German)
1868–1918
	Flag Coat of arms
	Anthem: Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze; ("God preserve, God protect");
	Croatia-Slavonia (number 17) within Austria-Hungary
Status	Constituent kingdom within Austria-Hungary; (part of the Lands of the Crown of St Stephen)
Capital	Zagreb
Official languages	Croatian
Religion	Catholic
Government	Constitutional parliamentary monarchy
King
• 1868–1916	Franz Joseph I
• 1916–1918	Karl IV
Ban
• 1868–1871 (first)	Levin Rauch de Nyék
• 1917–1918 (last)	Antun Mihalović
Legislature	Parliament
Historical era	New Imperialism • WWI
• 1868 Settlement	26 September 1868
• Incorporation of parts of the Military Frontier	15 July 1881
• Independence	29 October 1918
Area
1910	42,541 km2 (16,425 sq mi)
Population
• 1880	1,892,499
• 1910	2,621,954
Currency	Florin (1868–1892); Crown (1892–1918);
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Kingdom of Croatia
	Kingdom of Slavonia
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
Today part of	Croatia; Serbia

The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (Croatian: Kraljevina Hrvatska i Slavonija; Hungarian: Horvát-Szlavónország or Horvát–Szlavón Királyság; German: Königreich Kroatien und Slawonien) was a nominally autonomous kingdom and constitutionally defined separate political nation^[9]^[10] within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was created in 1868 by merging the kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868. It was associated with the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual Austro-Hungarian state, being within the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, also known as Transleithania. While Croatia had been granted a wide internal autonomy with "national features", in reality, Croatian control over key issues such as tax and military issues was minimal and hampered by Hungary.^[11]^[12] It was internally officially referred to as the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia,^[13]^[14] also simply known as the Triune Kingdom, and had claims on Dalmatia, which was administered separately by the Austrian Cisleithania.^[15] The city of Rijeka, following a disputed section in the 1868 Settlement known as the Rijeka Addendum [hr], became a corpus separatum and was legally owned by Hungary, but administered by both Croatia and Hungary.

The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was ruled by the emperor of Austria, who bore the title King of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia and was confirmed by the State Sabor (Parliament of Croatia-Slavonia or Croatian-Slavonian Diet) upon accession.^[16] The King's appointed steward was the Ban of Croatia and Slavonia. On 21 October 1918, Emperor Karl I, known as King Karlo IV in Croatia, issued a Trialist manifest, which was ratified by the Hungarian side on the next day and which unified all Croatian Crown Lands.^[17] One week later, on 29 October 1918, the Croatian State Sabor proclaimed an independent kingdom which entered the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ See §. 2. 57. 58. 59. 60. Zakonski čl. XII. 1868. (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) (in Croatian) "§. 57. Za organe zajedničke vlade ustanovljuje se takodjer hrvatski jezik službenim jezikom unutar granicah kraljevinah Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije. §.58. Predloge i spise u hrvatskom jeziku sastavljene; pa iz kraljevinah Hrvatske i Slavonije na zajedničko ministarstvo podnešene, imade to ministarstvo primati i rješitbe svoje na istom jeziku izdavati. §. 59. Obzirom na to, da su kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija politički narod, imajući posebni svoj teritorij i u pogledu nutarnjih svojih poslovah vlastito zakonodavstvo i autonomnu vladu, ustanovljuje se nadalje; da se zastupnici istih kraljevinah tako na zajedničkom saboru kako i u delegaciji mogu služiti i jezikom hrvatskim. §. 60. Na zajedničkom saboru stvoreni i podpisom Nj. c. i kr. apošt. Veličanstva providjeni zakoni izdavat će se za kraljevine Dalmaciju, Hrvatsku i Slavoniju u izvorniku hrvatskom i odaslati saboru tih kraljevinah. (transl.) §. 57. For the organs of the joint government, Croatian is also established as the official language within the boundaries of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia. §.58. Proposals and writings composed in Croatian; and submitted from the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia to the joint ministry, the ministry has to receive them and issue its decision in the same language. §.59. Considering that the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia are a political nation, having their own separate territory and, in terms of its own affairs, its own legislation and autonomous government, is further established; that the representatives of the same Kingdoms can use both in the joint parliament and in the delegation Croatian. §.60. Laws created at the joint Parliament, and sanctioned by H.I. and R. Apostolic Majesty shall be issued for the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia in the Croatian original and shall be sent to the Parliament of these Kingdoms." Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 122.-123.
^ Biondich, Mark; Stjepan Radić, the Croat Peasant Party, and the politics of mass mobilization, 1904–1928; University of Toronto Press, 2000 ISBN 0-8020-8294-7, page 9
^ Marcus Tanner, "A nation forged in war", Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09125-7, page 99
^ According to articles 56 and 57 of Nagodba only official language in Croatia is Croatian (Po čl. 56. i 57. Hrvatsko-ugarske nagodbe u Hrvatskoj je u službenoj uporabi samo hrvatski jezik), Dragutin Pavličević, "Povijest Hrvatske", Naklada Pavičić, Zagreb, 2007, ISBN 978-953-6308-71-2, page 273
^ 56. In the whole territory of Croatia–Slavonia, Croatian is the language alike of the Legislature, the Administration and the Judicature. 57. Inside the frontiers of Croatia–Slavonia, the Croatian is prescribed as the official language for the organs of the Joint Government also. http://www.h-net.org/~habsweb/sourcetexts/nagodba2.htm – online text from Robert William Seton-Watson, "The Southern Slav Question and the Habsburg Monarchy", London, Constable and Co., 1911, ISBN 0-7222-2328-5, page 371
^ Rothschild, Joseph (1974). East Central Europe between the Two World Wars. University of Washington Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-295-80364-7.
^ Biondich 2000, p. 15
^ Cite error: The named reference seton-watson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ See §. 59.Zakonski čl. XII. 1868. (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) (in Croatian) "§. 59. Obzirom na to, da su kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija politički narod, imajući posebni svoj teritorij i u pogledu nutarnjih svojih poslovah vlastito zakonodavstvo i autonomnu vladu, ustanovljuje se nadalje; da se zastupnici istih kraljevinah tako na zajedničkom saboru kako i u delegaciji mogu služiti i jezikom hrvatskim. (transl.) §.59. Considering that the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia are a political nation, having their own separate territory and, in terms of its own affairs, its own legislation and autonomous government, is further established; that the representatives of the same Kingdoms can use both in the joint parliament and in the delegation Croatian." Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 123.
^ See; translation of the law XLIV. 1868. (law on nationality)/1868-ik évi XLIV. TÖRVÉNYCZIKK a nemzetiségi egyenjogúság tárgyában. THE LAW OF NATIONALITIES (Act XLIV of the year 1868.) "since all citizens of Hungary, according to the principles of the constitution, form from a political point of view one nation — the indivisible unitary Hungarian nation — of which every citizen of the fatherland is a member, no matter to what nationality he belongs: since, moreover, this equality of right can only exist with reference to the official use of the various languages of the country,...§ 29. The provisions of this law do not extend to Croatia Slavonia and Dalmatia, which possess a special territory and form politically a special nation;" RACIAL PROBLEMS IN HUNGARY By SCOTUS VIATOR, Author, Robert William Seton-Watson. Publisher, Constable, 1908.
^ Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK). "Hrvatsko-ugarska nagodba". Retrieved 6 April 2019.
^ "Nagodba". britannica.com. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
^ Croatian–Hungarian settlement, Constitution, 1868, Article §. 1.
^ (Croatian) Law codex, S. V., no. 30, Issued by the Sabor, (Zagreb), Y: 1917, p: 101, 'Law act III:1917, Coronation oath'
^ Goldstein & Jovanović 1999.
^ See; Charles IV. Coronation diploma inaugurale issued to the Parliament of Croatia–Slavonia pursuant to §. 2. of the Settlement Zak. čl. III. : 1917. zajedničkog ugarsko-hrvatskog državnog sabora, kojim se kraljevska zavjernica, što ju je Njegovo Veličanstvo kralj izdao zemlji prije Svoje sretne posvete i krunisanja, te kraljevska zakletva, što ju je položio prigodom krunisanja, uvršćuju medju zakone države [Legal. Art. III. : 1917. of the Joint Hungarian–Croatian State Parliament, by which the coronation testament which His Majesty the King has given to the land before His happy consecration and crowning, and the royal oath which he placed upon the occasion of the crowning, are enshrined in the laws of the state], (in Croatian) "§. 1. Sveto i nepovredimo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugih obdržavati dati nasljedbu na kraljevski prestol, ustanovljenu u zakonskom članku 1. i 2. članku god. 1723.; - krunisanje koje se ima obaviti u smislu zakonskog članka 3. godine 1791.; - prava, ustav, zakonitu neodvisnost, slobodu i zemljišnu cjelovitost Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, a isto tako cjelokupnost i zemaljski ustav kraljevina Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, koje s kraljevinom Ugarskom sačinjavaju jednu te istu državnu zajednicu. Sveto i strogo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugima obdržavati dati zakonito postojeće sloboštine, povlastice, zakonske običaje i dosad po saborima stvorene i po slavnim Našim predjima, krunisanim Ugarske Kraljevima posvećene, kakono i one, što će i odsada po saborima stvoriti i po Nama kao krunjenom Kralju ugarskom posvetiti zakone Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije u svih njihovih točkama, člancima i zaporkama tako, kako što će njihov smisao i uporaba zajedničkim suglasjem kralja i sabora ustanovljeni biti; izuzevši ipak dokinutu onu zaporku zakona blagopopokojnoga Andrije II. od god. 1222., počevši od riječi: "Quodsi vero nos" sve do onih riječi "in perpetuam facultatem". Za obezbjedjenje svega toga služit će i ona kraljevska zakletva Naša, što ćemo ju po sadržaja ove Naše kraljevske zavjernice na osnovu riječi krunidbene zakletve slavnoga Nam predšastnika Ferdinanda I. prigodom krunisanja Našega položiti. ... §. 3. Sve one strane i pripadnosti Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije što su već natrag stečene, pa i one, što će božjom pomoćju odsele biti natrag pribavljene, pripojit ćemo u smislu krunitbene Naše zakletve rečenim kraljevinama." Krunidbena zavjernica Karla IV. Zbornik zakona i naredaba valjanih za Kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju, kom. V. str. 101-105., Zagreb 1917.
^ Budisavljević Srđan, Stvaranje Države SHS, (Creation of the state of SHS), Zagreb, 1958, p. 132-133.

[2] See §. 2. 57. 58. 59. 60. Zakonski čl. XII. 1868. (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) (in Croatian) "§. 57. Za organe zajedničke vlade ustanovljuje se takodjer hrvatski jezik službenim jezikom unutar granicah kraljevinah Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije. §.58. Predloge i spise u hrvatskom jeziku sastavljene; pa iz kraljevinah Hrvatske i Slavonije na zajedničko ministarstvo podnešene, imade to ministarstvo primati i rješitbe svoje na istom jeziku izdavati. §. 59. Obzirom na to, da su kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija politički narod, imajući posebni svoj teritorij i u pogledu nutarnjih svojih poslovah vlastito zakonodavstvo i autonomnu vladu, ustanovljuje se nadalje; da se zastupnici istih kraljevinah tako na zajedničkom saboru kako i u delegaciji mogu služiti i jezikom hrvatskim. §. 60. Na zajedničkom saboru stvoreni i podpisom Nj. c. i kr. apošt. Veličanstva providjeni zakoni izdavat će se za kraljevine Dalmaciju, Hrvatsku i Slavoniju u izvorniku hrvatskom i odaslati saboru tih kraljevinah. (transl.) §. 57. For the organs of the joint government, Croatian is also established as the official language within the boundaries of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia. §.58. Proposals and writings composed in Croatian; and submitted from the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia to the joint ministry, the ministry has to receive them and issue its decision in the same language. §.59. Considering that the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia are a political nation, having their own separate territory and, in terms of its own affairs, its own legislation and autonomous government, is further established; that the representatives of the same Kingdoms can use both in the joint parliament and in the delegation Croatian. §.60. Laws created at the joint Parliament, and sanctioned by H.I. and R. Apostolic Majesty shall be issued for the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia in the Croatian original and shall be sent to the Parliament of these Kingdoms." Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 122.-123.

[3] Biondich, Mark; Stjepan Radić, the Croat Peasant Party, and the politics of mass mobilization, 1904–1928; University of Toronto Press, 2000 ISBN 0-8020-8294-7, page 9

[4] Marcus Tanner, "A nation forged in war", Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09125-7, page 99

[5] According to articles 56 and 57 of Nagodba only official language in Croatia is Croatian (Po čl. 56. i 57. Hrvatsko-ugarske nagodbe u Hrvatskoj je u službenoj uporabi samo hrvatski jezik), Dragutin Pavličević, "Povijest Hrvatske", Naklada Pavičić, Zagreb, 2007, ISBN 978-953-6308-71-2, page 273

[6] 56. In the whole territory of Croatia–Slavonia, Croatian is the language alike of the Legislature, the Administration and the Judicature. 57. Inside the frontiers of Croatia–Slavonia, the Croatian is prescribed as the official language for the organs of the Joint Government also. http://www.h-net.org/~habsweb/sourcetexts/nagodba2.htm – online text from Robert William Seton-Watson, "The Southern Slav Question and the Habsburg Monarchy", London, Constable and Co., 1911, ISBN 0-7222-2328-5, page 371

[7] Rothschild, Joseph (1974). East Central Europe between the Two World Wars. University of Washington Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-295-80364-7.

[8] Biondich 2000, p. 15

[seton-watson-9] Cite error: The named reference seton-watson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[10] See §. 59.Zakonski čl. XII. 1868. (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) (in Croatian) "§. 59. Obzirom na to, da su kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija politički narod, imajući posebni svoj teritorij i u pogledu nutarnjih svojih poslovah vlastito zakonodavstvo i autonomnu vladu, ustanovljuje se nadalje; da se zastupnici istih kraljevinah tako na zajedničkom saboru kako i u delegaciji mogu služiti i jezikom hrvatskim. (transl.) §.59. Considering that the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia are a political nation, having their own separate territory and, in terms of its own affairs, its own legislation and autonomous government, is further established; that the representatives of the same Kingdoms can use both in the joint parliament and in the delegation Croatian." Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 123.

[11] See; translation of the law XLIV. 1868. (law on nationality)/1868-ik évi XLIV. TÖRVÉNYCZIKK a nemzetiségi egyenjogúság tárgyában. THE LAW OF NATIONALITIES (Act XLIV of the year 1868.) "since all citizens of Hungary, according to the principles of the constitution, form from a political point of view one nation — the indivisible unitary Hungarian nation — of which every citizen of the fatherland is a member, no matter to what nationality he belongs: since, moreover, this equality of right can only exist with reference to the official use of the various languages of the country,...§ 29. The provisions of this law do not extend to Croatia Slavonia and Dalmatia, which possess a special territory and form politically a special nation;" RACIAL PROBLEMS IN HUNGARY By SCOTUS VIATOR, Author, Robert William Seton-Watson. Publisher, Constable, 1908.

[hun-12] Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK). "Hrvatsko-ugarska nagodba". Retrieved 6 April 2019.

[13] "Nagodba". britannica.com. Retrieved 6 April 2019.

[14] Croatian–Hungarian settlement, Constitution, 1868, Article §. 1.

[15] (Croatian) Law codex, S. V., no. 30, Issued by the Sabor, (Zagreb), Y: 1917, p: 101, 'Law act III:1917, Coronation oath'

[FOOTNOTEGoldsteinJovanović1999-16] Goldstein & Jovanović 1999.

[17] See; Charles IV. Coronation diploma inaugurale issued to the Parliament of Croatia–Slavonia pursuant to §. 2. of the Settlement Zak. čl. III. : 1917. zajedničkog ugarsko-hrvatskog državnog sabora, kojim se kraljevska zavjernica, što ju je Njegovo Veličanstvo kralj izdao zemlji prije Svoje sretne posvete i krunisanja, te kraljevska zakletva, što ju je položio prigodom krunisanja, uvršćuju medju zakone države [Legal. Art. III. : 1917. of the Joint Hungarian–Croatian State Parliament, by which the coronation testament which His Majesty the King has given to the land before His happy consecration and crowning, and the royal oath which he placed upon the occasion of the crowning, are enshrined in the laws of the state], (in Croatian) "§. 1. Sveto i nepovredimo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugih obdržavati dati nasljedbu na kraljevski prestol, ustanovljenu u zakonskom članku 1. i 2. članku god. 1723.; - krunisanje koje se ima obaviti u smislu zakonskog članka 3. godine 1791.; - prava, ustav, zakonitu neodvisnost, slobodu i zemljišnu cjelovitost Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, a isto tako cjelokupnost i zemaljski ustav kraljevina Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, koje s kraljevinom Ugarskom sačinjavaju jednu te istu državnu zajednicu. Sveto i strogo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugima obdržavati dati zakonito postojeće sloboštine, povlastice, zakonske običaje i dosad po saborima stvorene i po slavnim Našim predjima, krunisanim Ugarske Kraljevima posvećene, kakono i one, što će i odsada po saborima stvoriti i po Nama kao krunjenom Kralju ugarskom posvetiti zakone Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije u svih njihovih točkama, člancima i zaporkama tako, kako što će njihov smisao i uporaba zajedničkim suglasjem kralja i sabora ustanovljeni biti; izuzevši ipak dokinutu onu zaporku zakona blagopopokojnoga Andrije II. od god. 1222., počevši od riječi: "Quodsi vero nos" sve do onih riječi "in perpetuam facultatem". Za obezbjedjenje svega toga služit će i ona kraljevska zakletva Naša, što ćemo ju po sadržaja ove Naše kraljevske zavjernice na osnovu riječi krunidbene zakletve slavnoga Nam predšastnika Ferdinanda I. prigodom krunisanja Našega položiti. ... §. 3. Sve one strane i pripadnosti Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije što su već natrag stečene, pa i one, što će božjom pomoćju odsele biti natrag pribavljene, pripojit ćemo u smislu krunitbene Naše zakletve rečenim kraljevinama." Krunidbena zavjernica Karla IV. Zbornik zakona i naredaba valjanih za Kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju, kom. V. str. 101-105., Zagreb 1917.

[18] Budisavljević Srđan, Stvaranje Države SHS, (Creation of the state of SHS), Zagreb, 1958, p. 132-133.

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