Kingdom of Jerusalem

Kingdom of Jerusalem Regnum Hierosolymitanum (Latin) Roiaume de Jherusalem (Old French)
1099–1187 1192–1291
Royal banner Royal arms
Map of the territorial extent of the Crusader states (Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem) in the Holy Land in 1135, shortly before the Second Crusade.
Capital	Jerusalem (1099–1187) Tyre (1187–1191) Acre (1191–1291) [1]
Official languages	Latin Old French (lingua franca)
Religion	Roman Catholicism Islam Judaism Samaritanism Eastern Orthodox Druzism
Government	Feudal Aristocratic Monarchy
King of Jerusalem
• 1099–1100 (First)	Godfrey of Bouillon
• 1285–1291 (Last)	Henry II
Legislature	Haute Cour
Historical era	High Middle Ages
• First Crusade	1096–1099
• Capture of Jerusalem	15 July 1099
• 1st Fall of Jerusalem	2 October 1187
• Third Crusade	1189–1192
• Sixth Crusade	1228–1229
• Barons' Crusade	1239–1241
• 2nd Fall of Jerusalem	15 July 1244
• Fall of Acre	18 May 1291
Population
• 1131[2]	250,000
• 1180[3]	480,000–650,000[4]
Currency	Bezant
Preceded by Succeeded by Jund Filastin Jund al-Urdunn Ayyubid dynasty Mamluk Sultanate
Today part of	Israel Palestine Lebanon Jordan Egypt

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Jerusalem
History Timeline City of David 1000 BCE Second Temple Period 538 BCE–70 CE Aelia Capitolina 130–325 CE Byzantine 325–638 CE Early Muslim 638–1099 Crusader 1099–1187 Late Medieval 1187–1517 Ottoman 1517–1917 British Mandate 1917–1948 Modern period (Jordanian and Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem) 1948-
Sieges Before Common Era 701 BCE 597 BCE 587 BCE 63 BCE 37 BCE Common Era 70 614 637 1099 1187 1244 1834 1917 1948
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The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Crusader Kingdom, was a Crusader state that was established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade. It lasted for almost two hundred years, from the accession of Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 until the fall of Acre in 1291. Its history is divided into two periods with a brief interruption in its existence, beginning with its collapse after the siege of Jerusalem in 1187 and its restoration after the Third Crusade in 1192.

The original Kingdom of Jerusalem lasted from 1099 to 1187 before being almost entirely overrun by the Ayyubid Sultanate under Saladin. Following the Third Crusade, it was re-established in Acre in 1192. The re-established state is commonly known as the "Second Kingdom of Jerusalem" or, alternatively, as the "Kingdom of Acre" after its new capital city. Acre remained the capital for the rest of its existence, even during the two decades that followed the Crusaders' establishment of partial control over Jerusalem during the Sixth Crusade, through the diplomacy of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen vis-à-vis the Ayyubids.

The vast majority of the Crusaders who established and settled the Kingdom of Jerusalem were from the Kingdom of France, as were the knights and soldiers who made up the bulk of the steady flow of reinforcements throughout the two-hundred-year span of its existence; its rulers and elite were therefore predominantly French.^[5] French Crusaders also brought their language to the Levant, thus establishing Old French as the lingua franca of the Crusader states, in which Latin served as the official language. While the majority of the population in the countryside comprised Christians and Muslims from local Levantine ethnicities, many Europeans (primarily French and Italian) also arrived to settle in villages across the region.