Kung fu (term)

Kung fu
Kung fu
Chinese	功夫
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	gōngfu
Bopomofo	ㄍㄨㄥㄈㄨ
Wade–Giles	kung1-fu
Wu
Romanization	kon1 fu
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	gung1 fu1
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	kang-hu
Tâi-lô	kang-hu

In general, kung fu or kungfu (/ˌkʌŋˈfuː/ ^ⓘ or /ˌkʊŋˈfuː/; pinyin: gōngfu pronounced [kʊ́ŋfu]) refers to the Chinese martial arts also called quanfa. In China, it refers to any study, learning, or practice that requires patience, energy, and time to complete. In its original meaning, kung fu can refer to any discipline or skill achieved through hard work and practice, not necessarily martial arts (for example, the discipline of tea making is called the gongfu tea ceremony). The literal equivalent of "Chinese martial art" in Mandarin would be 中國武術 zhōngguó wǔshù.^[1]

There are many forms of kung fu, such as Shaolin kung fu, Wing Chun, and tai chi, and they are practiced all over the world. Each form of kung fu has its own principles and techniques, but is best known for its trickery and quickness. It is only in the late twentieth century that this term was used in relation to Chinese martial arts by the Chinese community.^[2] The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term "kung-fu" as "a primarily unarmed Chinese martial art resembling karate" and attributes the first use of "kung fu" in print to Punch magazine in 1966.^[3] This illustrates how the meaning of this term has been changed in English. The origin of this change can be attributed to the misunderstanding or mistranslation of the term through movie subtitles or dubbing.^[2]

^ "Dictionary". Dictionary.com. 10 March 2010. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
^ ^a ^b Lorge, Peter (2012). Chinese Martial Arts From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87881-4.
^ "Dictionary". Oxford Dictionaries Online. 26 February 2011.^{[dead link]}

[1] "Dictionary". Dictionary.com. 10 March 2010. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2010.

[Lorge-2] Lorge, Peter (2012). Chinese Martial Arts From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87881-4.

[3] "Dictionary". Oxford Dictionaries Online. 26 February 2011.^{[dead link]}

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