Back المقاومة من دون قيادة Arabic Führerloser Widerstand German Resistencia sin líder Spanish مقاومت بدون رهبر Persian Perlawanan tanpa pemimpin ID Resistenza senza leader Italian 指導者なき抵抗 Japanese Opór niekierowany Polish Rezistență fără lider Romanian Безлидерное сопротивление Russian
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Leaderless resistance, or phantom cell structure, is a social resistance strategy in which small, independent groups (covert cells), or individuals (a solo cell is called a "lone wolf"), challenge an established institution such as a law, economic system, social order, or government. Leaderless resistance can encompass anything from non-violent protest and civil disobedience to vandalism, terrorism, and other violent activity.
Leaderless cells lack vertical command links and so operate without hierarchical command,[1] but they have a common goal that links them to the social movement from which their ideology was learned.[2]
Leaderless resistance has been employed by animal rights, radical environmentalist, anti-abortion, insurgent, anarchist, anti-colonial, and terrorist movements. It is a strategy used by hate groups as well.[2]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Joosse, Paul (2007). "Leaderless Resistance and Ideological Inclusion: the Case of the Earth Liberation Front". Terrorism and Political Violence. 19 (3): 351–368. doi:10.1080/09546550701424042. S2CID 17532687.