Leopold Kronecker

Leopold Kronecker
Leopold Kronecker
	Kronecker in 1865
Born	7 December 1823; Liegnitz, Province of Silesia, Prussia
Died	29 December 1891 (aged 68); Berlin, German Empire
Nationality	Prussian
Alma mater	University of Berlin
Known for	Arithmetization of analysis; Kronecker delta; Kronecker foliations; Kronecker limit formula; Kronecker symbol; Kronecker product; Kronecker quiver; Kronecker substitution; Kronecker's congruence; Kronecker's Jugendtraum; Kronecker's lemma; Kronecker's theorem; Kronecker–Capelli theorem; Kronecker–Weber theorem; Hermite–Kronecker–Brioschi characterization;
Awards	ForMemRS (1884)
	Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics; Logic;
Institutions	Berlin Academy; University of Berlin;
Doctoral advisor	Johann Encke; Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet;
Doctoral students	Kurt Hensel; Adolf Kneser; Ernst Kötter; Mathias Lerch; Franz Mertens; Jules Molk; Paul Stäckel;

Leopold Kronecker (German: [ˈkʁoːnɛkɐ]; 7 December 1823 – 29 December 1891) was a German mathematician who worked on number theory, algebra and logic, and criticized Georg Cantor's work on set theory. Heinrich Weber quoted Kronecker^[1] as having said, "Die ganzen Zahlen hat der liebe Gott gemacht, alles andere ist Menschenwerk" ("God made the integers, all else is the work of man").^[2] Kronecker was a student and life-long friend of Ernst Kummer.

^ Weber (1893)
^ The English translation is from Gray. In a footnote, Gray attributes the German quote to "Weber 1891/92, 19, quoting from a lecture of Kronecker's of 1886".
Gray, Jeremy (2008), Plato's Ghost: The Modernist Transformation of Mathematics, Princeton University Press, p. 153, ISBN 978-1400829040
Weber, Heinrich L. 1891–1892. Kronecker. Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung 2:5-23. (The quote is on p. 19.)

[1] Weber (1893)

[2] The English translation is from Gray. In a footnote, Gray attributes the German quote to "Weber 1891/92, 19, quoting from a lecture of Kronecker's of 1886".
Gray, Jeremy (2008), Plato's Ghost: The Modernist Transformation of Mathematics, Princeton University Press, p. 153, ISBN 978-1400829040
Weber, Heinrich L. 1891–1892. Kronecker. Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung 2:5-23. (The quote is on p. 19.)

[1]

[2]

Leopold Kronecker
Kronecker in 1865
Born	(1823-12-07)7 December 1823 Liegnitz, Province of Silesia, Prussia
Died	29 December 1891(1891-12-29) (aged 68) Berlin, German Empire
Nationality	Prussian
Alma mater	University of Berlin
Known for	Arithmetization of analysis Kronecker delta Kronecker foliations Kronecker limit formula Kronecker symbol Kronecker product Kronecker quiver Kronecker substitution Kronecker's congruence Kronecker's Jugendtraum Kronecker's lemma Kronecker's theorem Kronecker–Capelli theorem Kronecker–Weber theorem Hermite–Kronecker–Brioschi characterization
Awards	ForMemRS (1884)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics Logic
Institutions	Berlin Academy University of Berlin
Doctoral advisor	Johann Encke Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
Doctoral students	Kurt Hensel Adolf Kneser Ernst Kötter Mathias Lerch Franz Mertens Jules Molk Paul Stäckel