Back مستقبل أيونوتروبي Arabic Ligand-vođeni ionski kanal BS Receptors ionòtrops Catalan Ionotropní receptor Czech Ionotroper Rezeptor German Receptor ionotrópico Spanish کانال یونی وابسته به لیگاند Persian Récepteur ionotrope French Canle iónica regulada por ligando Galician Ligandvezérelt ioncsatorna Hungarian
| Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel transmembrane region | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ligand-gated ion channel | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Neur_chan_memb | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF02932 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR006029 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PDOC00209 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1cek / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
| TCDB | 1.A.9 | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 14 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 2bg9 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
- Ion-channel-linked receptor
- Ions
- Ligand (such as acetylcholine)
Ligand-gated ion channels (LICs, LGIC), also commonly referred to as ionotropic receptors, are a group of transmembrane ion-channel proteins which open to allow ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, and/or Cl− to pass through the membrane in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (i.e. a ligand), such as a neurotransmitter.[1][2][3]
When a presynaptic neuron is excited, it releases a neurotransmitter from vesicles into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter then binds to receptors located on the postsynaptic neuron. If these receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, a resulting conformational change opens the ion channels, which leads to a flow of ions across the cell membrane. This, in turn, results in either a depolarization, for an excitatory receptor response, or a hyperpolarization, for an inhibitory response.
These receptor proteins are typically composed of at least two different domains: a transmembrane domain which includes the ion pore, and an extracellular domain which includes the ligand binding location (an allosteric binding site). This modularity has enabled a 'divide and conquer' approach to finding the structure of the proteins (crystallising each domain separately). The function of such receptors located at synapses is to convert the chemical signal of presynaptically released neurotransmitter directly and very quickly into a postsynaptic electrical signal. Many LICs are additionally modulated by allosteric ligands, by channel blockers, ions, or the membrane potential. LICs are classified into three superfamilies which lack evolutionary relationship: cys-loop receptors, ionotropic glutamate receptors and ATP-gated channels.
- ^ "Gene Family: Ligand gated ion channels". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.
- ^ "ligand-gated channel" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Purves, Dale, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White (2008). Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sinauer Associates. pp. 156–7. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
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