Lip reading

Lip reading, also known as speechreading, is a technique of understanding a limited range of speech by visually interpreting the movements of the lips, face and tongue without sound. Estimates of the range of lip reading vary, with some figures as low as 30% because lip reading relies on context, language knowledge, and any residual hearing.^[1] Although lip reading is used most extensively by deaf and hard-of-hearing people, most people with normal hearing process some speech information from sight of the moving mouth.^[2]

^ Altieri, N. A.; Pisoni, D. B.; Townsend, J. T. (2011). "Some normative data on lip-reading skills (L)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 130 (1): 1–4. Bibcode:2011ASAJ..130....1A. doi:10.1121/1.3593376. PMC 3155585. PMID 21786870.
^ Woodhouse, L; Hickson, L; Dodd, B (2009). "Review of visual speech perception by hearing and hearing-impaired people: clinical implications". International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 44 (3): 253–70. doi:10.1080/13682820802090281. PMID 18821117.

[1] Altieri, N. A.; Pisoni, D. B.; Townsend, J. T. (2011). "Some normative data on lip-reading skills (L)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 130 (1): 1–4. Bibcode:2011ASAJ..130....1A. doi:10.1121/1.3593376. PMC 3155585. PMID 21786870.

[2] Woodhouse, L; Hickson, L; Dodd, B (2009). "Review of visual speech perception by hearing and hearing-impaired people: clinical implications". International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 44 (3): 253–70. doi:10.1080/13682820802090281. PMID 18821117.

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