Traditional Japanese architecture uses post-and-lintel structures – vertical posts, connected by horizontal beams. Rafters are traditionally the only structural member used in Japanese timber framing that are neither horizontal nor vertical. The rest of the structure is non-load-bearing.[1][2]
While fixed walls are used, a variety of movable partitions are also used to fill the spaces between the pillars. They may be free-standing, hung from lintels,[3] or, especially in later buildings, sliding panels[a] which can readily be removed from their grooves.[5] Their type, number, and position are adjusted according to the weather without and the activities within.[6] They are used to modify the view, light, temperature, humidity, and ventilation,[6] and to divide the interior space.[4]
The timbers are called hashira,[2] the space between them is called hashira-ma; thus, the items filling the hashira-ma are termed hashira-ma equipment.[6]
- ^ Morse, Edward S. (1885). "1: The House". Japanese Homes and their Surroundings. Charles E. Tuttle Company. ISBN 0-8048-0998-4.
- ^ a b "hashira 柱". www.aisf.or.jp. JAANUS.
- ^ "Shinden-zukuri 寝殿造". JAANUS -- the on-line Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology.
- ^ a b Formal Audience Hall (Shoin). Interview with Matthew Welch, Curator of Japanese and Korean Art
- ^ "Fusuma 襖". JAANUS -- the on-line Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology.
- ^ a b c Norihito Nakatani (Producing & Editing), Kenji Seo (Still Photography & Direction), Mayuka Toyoshima (Text), Haruya Susa, Mayuka Toyoshima, and Yohei Jimbo (Drawings), Kazuyuki Okada (web editing) (October 28, 2015). Transition of Kikugetsutei (Movie and illustrated text article, both available open-access online). Cultural Magazine of Hashirama Equipment. Study on Hashirama-Sochi; Equipment In Between. Waseda University.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).