London Bridge

London Bridge
London Bridge in 2017
Coordinates	51°30′29″N 0°05′16″W / 51.50806°N 0.08778°W / 51.50806; -0.08778
Carries	Five lanes of the A3
Crosses	River Thames
Locale	Central London
Maintained by	Bridge House Estates, City of London Corporation
Preceded by	Cannon Street Railway Bridge
Followed by	Tower Bridge
Characteristics
Design	Prestressed concrete box girder bridge
Total length	269 m (882.5 ft)
Width	32 m (105.0 ft)
Longest span	104 m (341.2 ft)
Clearance below	8.9 m (29.2 ft)
Design life	Modern bridge (1971–present) Victorian stone arch (1832–1968) Medieval stone arch (1176–1832) Various wooden bridges (circa AD 50 – 1176)
History
Opened	16 March 1176; 847 years ago (1176 -03-16)
Location

The name "London Bridge" refers to several historic crossings that have spanned the River Thames between the City of London and Southwark in central London since Roman times. The current crossing, which opened to traffic in 1973, is a box girder bridge built from concrete and steel. It replaced a 19th-century stone-arched bridge, which in turn superseded a 600-year-old stone-built medieval structure. In addition to the roadway, for much of its history, the broad medieval bridge supported an extensive built up area of homes and businesses, part of the City's Bridge ward, and its southern end in Southwark was guarded by a large stone City gateway. The medieval bridge was preceded by a succession of timber bridges, the first of which was built by the Roman founders of London (Londinium) around AD 50.

The current bridge stands at the western end of the Pool of London and is positioned 30 metres (98 ft) upstream from previous alignments. The approaches to the medieval bridge were marked by the church of St Magnus-the-Martyr on the northern bank and by Southwark Cathedral on the southern shore. Until Putney Bridge opened in 1729, London Bridge was the only road crossing of the Thames downstream of Kingston upon Thames. London Bridge has been depicted in its several forms, in art, literature, and songs, including the nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down", and the epic poem The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot.

The modern bridge is owned and maintained by Bridge House Estates, an independent charity of medieval origin overseen by the City of London Corporation. It carries the A3 road, which is maintained by the Greater London Authority.^[1] The crossing also delineates an area along the southern bank of the River Thames, between London Bridge and Tower Bridge, that has been designated as a business improvement district.^[2]