Back حركة موف Arabic Move (Organisation) German MOVE Spanish مو (جنبش) Persian MOVE (organisation) French MOVE Italian MOVE Portuguese MOVE SIMPLE MOVE Vietnamese MOVE (組織) Chinese
| MOVE | |
|---|---|
&sq=Albert Einstein&lang=en&file=File:MOVE_family.jpeg) A photo of members of the MOVE family in the 1980's | |
| Leader | John Africa Ramona Africa (as Spokesperson) |
| Foundation | 1972 |
| Country | United States |
| Active regions | Philadelphia |
| Ideology | |
| Status | Active |
| This article is part of a series about |
| Black power |
|---|
&sq=Albert Einstein&lang=en&file=File:Fist.svg) |
| Part of a series on |
| African Americans |
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MOVE (pronounced like the word "move"), originally the Christian Movement for Life, is a communal organization that advocates for nature laws and natural living, founded in 1972 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, by John Africa (born Vincent Leaphart). MOVE lived in a communal setting in West Philadelphia, abiding by philosophies of anarcho-primitivism.[2] The group combined revolutionary ideology, similar to that of the Black Panthers, with work for animal rights.
MOVE is particularly known for two major conflicts with the Philadelphia Police Department (PPD). In 1978, a standoff resulted in the death of police officer James J. Ramp and injuries to 16 officers and firefighters, as well as members of the MOVE organization. Nine members were convicted of killing the officer and each received prison sentences of 30 to 100 years.[3] In 1985, another firefight ended when a police helicopter dropped two bombs onto the roof of the MOVE compound, a townhouse located at 6221 Osage Avenue.[4][5] The resulting fire killed six MOVE members and five of their children, and destroyed 65 houses in the neighborhood.[6]
The police bombing was strongly condemned. The MOVE survivors later filed a civil suit against the City of Philadelphia and the PPD and were awarded $1.5 million in a 1996 settlement.[7] Other residents displaced by the destruction of the bombing filed a civil suit against the city and in 2005 were awarded $12.83 million in damages in a jury trial.
- ^ Karam, Nikki. "LibGuides: Philadelphia & MOVE: Home". libguides.ccp.edu. Archived from the original on November 18, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
- ^ "MOVE". Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ Jackson, R (May 30, 2021). "A Racial Tragedy in Philadelphia: Part 1 - The MOVE 9 Versus American Jurisprudence". The Milwaukee Independent. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
Nine members from Move, Eddie Africa, Janet Africa, Janine Africa, Mike Africa, Debbie Africa, Delbert Africa, Chuck Africa, Phil Africa and Merle Africa were charged with killing Officer Ramp. They refused to have a jury and would not cooperate with the court appointed attorney. The group of them became known as the MOVE 9. They were all found guilty of murder in the third degree and sentenced to 30 to 100 years in prison by Judge Edwin Malmed.
- ^ "Let The Fire Burn". Kanopy. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
- ^ "I'm From Philly. 30 Years Later, I'm Still Trying to Make Sense of the MOVE Bombing". Codeswitch. NPR. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
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