Back الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان Arabic Mandatu francés de Siria AST فرانسه‌نین سوریه ایله لوبنان قیمومتی AZB Френски мандат в Сирия и Ливан Bulgarian সিরিয়া ও লেবাননে ফরাসি মেন্ডেট Bengali/Bangla Mandat francès per Síria i el Líban Catalan Francouzský mandát Sýrie a Libanonu Czech Mandatområdet i Libanon Danish Völkerbundmandat für Syrien und Libanon German Γαλλική Εντολή για τη Συρία και τον Λίβανο Greek

Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
(1923−1946)
Front cover of the Mandate document, 1922
Created1920–1922
Ratified1923
LocationUNOG Library; ref.: C.528. M.313. 1922. VI.
SignatoriesLeague of Nations
PurposeCreation of

The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (French: Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; Arabic: الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان, romanized: al-intidāb al-faransī ʻalā sūriyā wa-lubnān, also referred to as the Levant States;[1][2] 1923−1946)[3] was a League of Nations mandate[4] founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria and Lebanon. The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism, with the governing country intended to act as a trustee until the inhabitants were considered eligible for self-government. At that point, the mandate would terminate and a sovereign state would be born.[5]

During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918—and in accordance with the Sykes–Picot Agreement signed by the United Kingdom and French Third Republic during the war—the British held control of most of Ottoman Iraq (now Iraq) and the southern part of Ottoman Syria (Palestine and Transjordan), while the French controlled the rest of Ottoman Syria (including Lebanon, Alexandretta, and portions of Cilicia).[4] In the early 1920s, British and French control of these territories became formalized by the League of Nations' mandate system. And on 29 September 1923 France was assigned the League of Nations mandate of Syria, which included the territory of present-day Lebanon and Alexandretta in addition to modern Syria.[6]

The administration of the region under the French was carried out through a number of different governments and territories, including the Syrian Federation (1922–1924), the State of Syria (1925–1930) and the Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946), as well as smaller states: Greater Lebanon, the Alawite State, and the Jabal Druze State. Hatay State was annexed by Turkey in 1939. The French mandate lasted until 1946, when French troops eventually left Syria and Lebanon, which had both declared independence during World War II.[7]

  1. ^ "Levant | Meaning, Countries, Map, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 5 June 2023.
  2. ^ "Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, The Near East and Africa, Volume VIII - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov.
  3. ^ League of Nations Official Journal, Vol 3, August 1922, p. 1013
  4. ^ a b Myers, Denys P. (1 January 1921). "The Mandate System of the League of Nations". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 96: 74–77. doi:10.1177/000271622109600116. JSTOR 1014872. S2CID 144465753.
  5. ^ Bentwich, Norman (1930). The Mandates System. Longmans, Green and Co. p. 172.
  6. ^ "11. French Syria (1919-1946)". UCA.edu. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  7. ^ John Morrison & Adam Woog, Syria, 2nd Edition, Infobase Publishing 2009 p. 37

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