Marhaenism

Marhaenism (Indonesian: Marhaenisme) is a socialistic political ideology originated and developed by the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno.^[1] It was developed from the ideas of Marxism applied according to the nature and culture of Indonesia, or simply described as "Marxism adapted to Indonesian conditions".^[2]

Marhaenism is a variant of Marxism but emphasizes national unity, culture, collectivist economics, and democratic rights and condemns liberalism and individualism. It was established as an anticapitalist and anti-imperialist ideology, but it combines both Western and Eastern principles. Marhaenism was the guiding ideology of the Indonesian National Party.^[3] It also was a major influence on left-wing nationalism taking hold in neighbouring Malaya, such as the espousals of Parti Kebangsaan Melayu and later Parti Rakyat both founded by Ahmad Boestamam.^[4]

^ Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia
^ Rocamora, J. Eliseo (October 1970). "The Partai Nasional Indonesia, 1963–1965". Indonesia. 10 (10): 143–181. doi:10.2307/3350638. hdl:1813/53493. JSTOR 3350638.
^ The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics, 1957-1959
^ Teo Lee Ken (Apr 2018). "Liberational Justice in the Political Thought of Ahmad Boestamam". Southeast Asian Studies. 7 (1). Kyoto University: 68-9. doi:10.20495/seas.7.1_65.

[1] Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia

[2] Rocamora, J. Eliseo (October 1970). "The Partai Nasional Indonesia, 1963–1965". Indonesia. 10 (10): 143–181. doi:10.2307/3350638. hdl:1813/53493. JSTOR 3350638.

[3] The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics, 1957-1959

[T-4] Teo Lee Ken (Apr 2018). "Liberational Justice in the Political Thought of Ahmad Boestamam". Southeast Asian Studies. 7 (1). Kyoto University: 68-9. doi:10.20495/seas.7.1_65.

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