Maryul མར་ཡུལ། | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 930–1842 | |||||||||
Location of Maryul and neighbouring polities in the early 1000s. | |||||||||
| Capital | Shey | ||||||||
| Religion | Tibetan Buddhism | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
• c. 930–c. 960 | Lhachen Palgyigon (first) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | c. 930 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1842 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China India Pakistan | ||||||||
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Maryul (Ladakhi: མར་ཡུལ།), also called mar-yul of mnga'-ris,[1][2] was the western-most Tibetan kingdom based in modern-day Ladakh and some parts of Tibet. The kingdom had its capital at Shey.[3][4][5]
The kingdom was founded by Lhachen Palgyigon, during the rule of his father Kyide Nyimagon, in c. 930.[6] It stretched from the Zoji La at the border of Kashmir to Demchok in the southeast, and included Rudok and other areas presently in Tibet.[7][8] The kingdom came under the control of the Namgyal dynasty in 1460, eventually acquiring the name "Ladakh", and lasted until 1842. In that year, the Dogra general Zorawar Singh, having conquered it, made it part of the would-be princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
- ^ Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), p. 19: "Mar-yul (literally "lower land") is the common Tibetan name for the Leh district in Ladakh. Mngah-ris (Mnga-ris), although now restricted to West Tibet, then referred to the entire territory between the Zoji and Mayum passes."
- ^ Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh (1977).
- ^ Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), pp. 18–19.
- ^ Dorjay, Embedded in Stone (2014), p. 53: "Shey, about 15 km southeast of Leh, was an ancient capital of Ladakh. In the tenth century CE the first king of Ladakh, lHa chen dPal gyi mgon, apparently constructed the hilltop fortress whose ruins can be seen above the present Shey Palace. Shey possesses a number of early Buddhist rock sculptures, many of which are about a metre in height."
- ^ Howard & Howard, Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley (2014), p. 88: From the diary of Mirza Haidar Dughlat: "The Chui [Jo plural, i.e. rulers] of Maryul, named Tashikun and Lata Jughdan, ...... gave us the castle of Sheya [Shey] which is the capital of Maryul [to live in during the winter]"
- ^ Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh (1977), p. 17: "it seems that his father bequeathed him a theoretical right of sovereignty, but the actual conquest was effected by dPal-gyi-mgon himself."
- ^ Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), p. 19: "The Ladakhi chronicles state that the eldest son, Pal-gyi-gön (Dpal-gyi-mgon), received Ladakh and the Rudok area;..."
- ^ Francke, Antiquities of Indian Tibet (1992), p. 94.