Masculinity

In Roman mythology, Mars was the god of war, an activity associated with masculinity. His female counterpart was Minerva.

Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed,[1] and there is also evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors.[1][2][3][4] To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate.[2][3][4] It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex,[5][6] as anyone can exhibit masculine traits.[7] Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. It is traditionally contrasted with femininity.

  1. ^ a b Shehan, Constance L. (2018). Gale Researcher Guide for: The Continuing Significance of Gender. Gale, Cengage Learning. pp. 1–5. ISBN 9781535861175. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference MartinFinn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Lippa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Wharton was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Ferrante, Joan (January 2010). Sociology: A Global Perspective (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 269–272. ISBN 978-0-8400-3204-1.
  6. ^ "What do we mean by 'sex' and 'gender'?". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014.
  7. ^ Halberstam, Judith (2004). "'Female masculinity'". In Kimmel, Michael S.; Aronson, Amy (eds.). Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 294–5. ISBN 978-1-57-607774-0. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2018.

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