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Maturidism

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Maturidism (Arabic: الماتريدية, romanized: al-Māturīdiyya) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam named after Abu Mansur al-Maturidi. It is one of the three creeds of Sunni Islam alongside Ash'arism and Atharism, and prevails in the Hanafi school of jurisprudence.[4][7][1]

Al-Maturidi codified and systematized the theological Islamic beliefs already present among the Ḥanafite Muslim theologians of Balkh and Transoxiana[5][10] under one school of systematic theology (kalām);[11][12] Abu Hanifa emphasized the use of rationality and theological rationalism regarding the interpretation of the sacred scriptures of Islam.[16] [1]

Maturidism was originally circumscribed to the region of Transoxiana in Central Asia[17] but it became the predominant theological orientation amongst the Sunnī Muslims of Persia before the Safavid conversion to Shīʿīsm in the 16th century, and the Ahl al-Ra'y (people of reason). It enjoyed a preeminent status in the Ottoman Empire and Mughal India.[18] Outside the old Ottoman and Mughal empires, most Turkic tribes, Hui people, Central Asian, and South Asian Muslims also follow the Maturidi theology.[12] There have also been Arab Maturidi scholars.[19]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Rudolph, Ulrich (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Ḥanafī Theological Tradition and Māturīdism". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 280–296. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.023. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488.
  2. ^ a b c d e Henderson, John B. (1998). "The Making of Orthodoxies". The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 55–58. ISBN 978-0-7914-3760-5.
  3. ^ a b c Gilliot, C.; Paket-Chy, A. (2000). "Maturidite theology". In Bosworth, C. E.; Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (eds.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. IV. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. pp. 124–129. ISBN 92-3-103654-8.
  4. ^ [1][2][3]
  5. ^ a b c d MacDonald, D. B. (2012) [1936]. "Māturīdī". In Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T. W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition. Vol. 3. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4608. ISBN 9789004082656.
  6. ^ Cook, Michael (2012) [2003]. "Chapter 1: Introduction". Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction. Themes in Islamic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 6. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511806766.003. ISBN 9780511806766.
  7. ^ [1][2][5][6]
  8. ^ a b Alpyağıl, Recep (28 November 2016). "Māturīdī". Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0232. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  9. ^ a b Rudolph, Ulrich (2015). "An Outline of al-Māturīdī's Teachings". Al-Māturīdī and the Development of Sunnī Theology in Samarqand. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 100. Translated by Adem, Rodrigo. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 231–312. doi:10.1163/9789004261846_010. ISBN 978-90-04-26184-6. ISSN 0929-2403. LCCN 2014034960.
  10. ^ [1][8][9][2]
  11. ^ a b Harvey, Ramon (2021). "Chapter 1: Tradition and Reason". Transcendent God, Rational World: A Māturīdī Theology. Edinburgh Studies in Islamic Scripture and Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474451673.
  12. ^ a b c d Bruckmayr, Philipp (January 2009). "The Spread and Persistence of Māturīdi Kalām and Underlying Dynamics". Iran and the Caucasus. 13 (1). Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers: 59–92. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007882. eISSN 1573-384X. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597393.
  13. ^ Zhussipbek, Galym; Nagayeva, Zhanar (September 2019). Taliaferro, Charles (ed.). "Epistemological Reform and Embracement of Human Rights. What Can be Inferred from Islamic Rationalistic Maturidite Theology?". Open Theology. 5 (1). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter: 347–365. doi:10.1515/opth-2019-0030. ISSN 2300-6579.
  14. ^ Жусипбек, Галым, Жанар Нагаева, and Альберт Фролов. "Ислам и плюрализм: Что могут предложить идеи школы аль-Матуриди? Журнал Аль-Фараби, Алматы, No 4 (56), 2016 (p. 117-134)." "On the whole, the authors argue that the Maturidi school which is based on 'balanced theological rationalism', 'metaphysics of diversity', 'subjectivity of faith' and 'to be focused on justice and society-centeredness'"
  15. ^ Schlesinger, Sarah J. "The Internal Pluralization of the Muslim Community of Bosnia-Herzegovina: From Religious Activation to Radicalization." Master’s Research Paper. Boston University (2011).
  16. ^ [8][5][11][13][14][15]
  17. ^ [1][9][2][5][12][3]
  18. ^ [1][2][12][3]
  19. ^ Pierret, Thomas (25 March 2013), Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution, Cambridge University Press, p. 102, ISBN 9781139620062

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