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Menachem Mendel Schneerson

For the 19th century, third Rebbe of the Chabad Lubavitch dynasty, see Menachem Mendel Schneersohn.
For other people named Schneerson (or Schneersohn), see Schneersohn.

Rebbe
Menachem M. Schneerson
Menachem Mendel Schneerson in 1989
TitleLubavitcher Rebbe
Personal
Born
Menachem Mendel Schneerson

April 5, 1902 OS (11 Nissan 5662)[1]
Nikolaev, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Mykolaiv, Ukraine)
DiedJune 12, 1994 (3 Tammuz 5754) (aged 92)
Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
ReligionJudaism
Nationality
SpouseChaya Mushka Schneerson
Parents
Signature
Jewish leader
PredecessorYosef Yitzchak Schneersohn
Synagogue770 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York City
Began10 Shevat 5711 / January 17, 1951
BuriedQueens, New York City, U.S.
ResidenceBrooklyn, New York City
DynastyChabad Lubavitch
SemikhahRogatchover Gaon; Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg; Shmuel Schneerson

Menachem Mendel Schneerson[a] (April 5, 1902 OS – June 12, 1994; AM 11 Nissan 5662 – 3 Tammuz 5754), known to adherents of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement as the Lubavitcher Rebbe or simply the Rebbe,[2][3] was a Russian-American Orthodox rabbi and the most recent Rebbe of the Lubavitch Hasidic dynasty. He is considered one of the most influential Jewish leaders of the 20th century.[4][5]

As leader of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement, he took an insular Hasidic group that almost came to an end with the Holocaust and transformed it into one of the most influential movements in religious Jewry,[6] with an international network of over 5,000 educational and social centers.[7][8][9] The institutions he established include kindergartens, schools, drug-rehabilitation centers, care-homes for the disabled, and synagogues.[10]

Schneerson's published teachings fill more than 400 volumes, and he is noted for his contributions to Jewish continuity and religious thought,[11] as well as his wide-ranging contributions to traditional Torah scholarship.[12] He is recognized as the pioneer of Jewish outreach.[13][14] During his lifetime, many of his adherents believed that he was the Messiah. His own attitude to the subject, and whether he openly encouraged this, is hotly debated among academics. During Schneerson's lifetime, the messianic controversy and other issues elicited fierce criticism from many quarters in the Orthodox world, especially earning him the enmity of Rabbi Elazar Shach.

In 1978, the U.S. Congress asked President Jimmy Carter to designate Schneerson's birthday as the national Education Day in the U.S.[15] It has been since commemorated as Education and Sharing Day.[16][17] In 1994, Schneerson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his "outstanding and lasting contributions toward improvements in world education, morality, and acts of charity".[18] Schneerson's resting place attracts both Jews and non-Jews for prayer.[19][20][10][21]

  1. ^ In the West the date was April 18, 1902 (New Style).
  2. ^ Noah Feldman, June 25, 2014 "Remembering a Force in Jewish History" Archived September 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, BloombergView
  3. ^ Shmuly Yanklowitz, Rabbi Telushkin's Newest Book on the Lubavitcher Rebbe: A Testament to Greatness Archived September 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Huffington Post, May 30, 2014.
  4. ^ Matt Flegenheimer, "Thousands Descend on Queens on 20th Anniversary of Grand Rebbe’s Death" Archived February 27, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times
  5. ^ Steve Langford, "Crowds Flock To Queens To Remember Influential Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson" Archived December 9, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, CBS New York
  6. ^ Schneerson Led a Small Hasidic Sect to World Prominence The New York Times June 13, 1994
  7. ^ Drake, Carolyn (February 2006). "A Faith Grows in Brooklyn; / A movement embracing old-world Orthodox Judaism is alive and thriving in New York City". February 2006 issue of National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic. Archived from the original on December 27, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  8. ^ Maayan Jaffe (June 8, 2014). "20 Years After Rebbe's Death Jewish Movements Increasingly Emulate Chabad". Archived from the original on October 11, 2014.
  9. ^ "Annual International Conference of Chabad Shluchim Opens Today". Lubavitch. November 12, 2020. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Editorial, 07/08/14. "Rebbe to the city and Rebbe to the world" Archived January 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. The New York Observer.
  11. ^ The Messiah of Brooklyn: Understanding Lubavitch Hasidim Past and Present, M. Avrum Ehrlich, p. 106. KTAV Publishing, ISBN 0-88125-836-9
  12. ^ Rabbi Tzvi Hersh Weinreb, Vice President of the Orthodox Union. "The Contributions of the Lubavitcher Rebbe to Torah Scholarship" Archived July 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Jewish Action Magazine
  13. ^ Sue Fishkoff. "10 Years After His Death, Reach of Lubavitcher Rebbe Continues To Grow". Jewish Federations of North America. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  14. ^ Susan Handelman, The Lubavitcher Rebbe Died 20 Years Ago Today. Who Was He? Archived December 11, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Tablet Magazine
  15. ^ "Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 92 Part 1.djvu/254". Wikisource. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  16. ^ Joseph Telushkin, Rebbe: The Life and Teachings of Menachem M. Schneerson, the Most Influential Rabbi in Modern History. HarperCollins, 2014. pp.30-36.
  17. ^ Fishkoff, Sue. The Rebbe's Army, Schoken, 2003 (08052 11381). Page 192.
  18. ^ "Public Law 103-457". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  19. ^ Sarah Maslin Nir, Jews Make a Pilgrimage to a Grand Rebbe's Grave Archived August 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. September 13, 2013, The New York Times.
  20. ^ Matt Flegenheimer, Thousands Beat Path to Queens Cemetery to Remember a Jewish Leader Archived September 8, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. July 1, 2014. The New York Times.
  21. ^ Menachem Butler, Visiting the Lubavitcher Rebbe's Grave in Queens, N.Y. Archived August 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Tablet Magazine, July 2, 2014.


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