Back Menes Afrikaans ሜኒስ Amharic مينا Arabic مينا ARZ Menes Azerbaijani Менес Byelorussian Менес Bulgarian মেনেস Bengali/Bangla Narmer Catalan Menes CDO
| Menes | |
|---|---|
| Africanus: Mênês Eusebius: Mênês Narmer (?) Hor-Aha (?) | |
 The cartouche of Menes on the Abydos King List | |
| Pharaoh | |
| Reign | c. 3200–3000 BC[1] |
| Successor | Hor-Aha (possibly) Djer (possibly) |
| Burial | Umm El Qa'ab chambers B17 and B18 (Narmer’s burial) Umm El Qa'ab chambers B10/B15/B19 (Hor-Aha’s burial) |
| Dynasty | First Dynasty |
Menes (fl. c. 3200–3000 BC;[1] /ˈmeɪneɪz/; Ancient Egyptian: mnj, probably pronounced */maˈnij/;[6] Ancient Greek: Μήνης[5] and Μήν[7]) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the First Dynasty.[8]
The identity of Menes is the subject of ongoing debate, although mainstream Egyptological consensus inconclusively identifies Menes with the Naqada III ruler Narmer[2][3][4][9] or his successor, the First Dynasty pharaoh Hor-Aha.[10]
- ^ a b Kitchen, KA (1991). "The Chronology of Ancient Egypt". World Archaeology. 23 (2): 201–8. doi:10.1080/00438243.1991.9980172.
- ^ a b Edwards 1971, p. 13.
- ^ a b Lloyd 1994, p. 7.
- ^ a b Cervelló-Autuori 2003, p. 174.
- ^ a b Edwards 1971, p. 11.
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge University press. ISBN 0-521-44384-9.
- ^ "Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Menes". Perseus Digital Library. Tufts University. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
- ^ Beck et al. 1999.
- ^ Heagy 2014.
- ^ Seidlmayer 2010.