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Michael von Faulhaber | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal, Archbishop of Munich and Freising | |
.jpg) Faulhaber around 1936 | |
| Archdiocese | Munich and Freising |
| Appointed | 24 July 1917 |
| Installed | 3 September 1917 |
| Term ended | 12 June 1952 |
| Predecessor | Franziskus von Bettinger |
| Successor | Joseph Wendel |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of S. Anastasia |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Speyer (1911–1917) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1 August 1892 by Franz Joseph von Stein |
| Consecration | 19 February 1911 by Franziskus von Bettinger |
| Created cardinal | 7 March 1921 by Benedict XV |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michael Faulhaber 5 March 1869 |
| Died | 12 June 1952 (aged 83) Munich, Bavaria, West Germany |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Motto | vox temporis vox Dei (the voice of the time is the voice of God) |
| Coat of arms |  |
Michael Ritter von Faulhaber (5 March 1869 – 12 June 1952) was a German Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Munich for 35 years, from 1917 to his death in 1952. Created Cardinal in 1921, von Faulhaber remained an outspoken monarchist and denounced the Weimar Republic as rooted in "perjury and treason" against the German Empire during a speech at the 62nd German Catholics' Day of 1922.[1][2] Cardinal von Faulhaber was a senior member and co-founder of the Amici Israel, a priestly association founded in Rome in 1926 with the goal of working toward the Jewish people's conversion to Roman Catholicism, while also seeking to combat antisemitism within the Church.[3]
After the Nazi Party seized control of German government in 1933, Cardinal von Faulhaber recognized the new Nazi government as legitimate, required Catholic clergy to be loyal to the government and maintained diplomatic bridges between the regime and the Church, while simultaneously condemning certain Nazi policies, including religious persecution of members of the clergy, and actively supporting anti-Nazi German Catholics such as Fritz Gerlich and other persecuted persons.[4] In 1937, Cardinal von Faulhaber was involved in drafting the anti-Nazi encyclical Mit brennender Sorge.[5] Von Faulhaber ordained Joseph Ratzinger (future Pope Benedict XVI) as a priest in 1951, and was the last surviving Cardinal appointed by Pope Benedict XV.
- ^ Michael Kardinal von Faulhaber: Rede zum 62. Deutschen Katholikentag, München (1922).
- ^ Derek Hastings, Catholicism and the Roots of Nazism, Oxford, p. 104
- ^ Hubert Wolf, Pope and Devil: the Vatican's archives and the Third Reich, pp. 89–90, Harvard University Press, 31 May 2010; Hill, Roland, A time out of joint: A journey from Nazi Germany to post-war Britain, The Radcliffe Press, 30 October 2007.
- ^ Nazis on the Run, Gerald Steinacher, p. 127; Beth A. Griech-Polelle, Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence and the Holocaust, pp. 128–129, Indiana University Press, 2007 ISBN 0-253-34873-0; Rudolf Morsey: Fritz Gerlich – Ein früher Gegner Hitlers und des Nationalsozialismus. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2016, p 232; Lewy, 1964, p. 181.; "A fearless voice", Rabbi Stephen S. Wise on Faulhaber. Blamires, Cyprian, World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 231, ABC-CLIO, 2006.
- ^ Phayer, Michael, The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965, p. 15, Indiana Univ. Press 2001.