Currently, all of the European microstates have some form of relations with the European Union (EU).[1]
Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, and the Vatican City remain outside the Union. Andorra is, by population, the largest of the five microstates with around 85,500 citizens according to a 2022 estimate.[2] Two other small countries, Luxembourg and Malta, are full members of the EU and both inhabited by populations over 600,000 and over 500,000 respectively.
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