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Mikhail Mishaqa

Mikhail Mishaqa
Mikhail Mishaqa was appointed the first United States Vice Consul for Damascus, 1859
BornMarch 20, 1800
Rechmaya, Emirate of Mount Lebanon, Ottoman Empire
DiedJuly 19, 1888
Beirut, Beirut vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Known forDiplomat, physician, historian, musical theorist, businessman, first vice-consul of USA in Damascus in 1859-1870

Mikhail Mishaqa or Michael Mishaka[1] (March 20, 1800 – July 19, 1888; Arabic: ميخائيل مشاقة), also known as Doctor Mishaqa, was born in Rashmayyā, Lebanon, and is reputed to be "the first historian of modern Ottoman Syria"[2] as well as the "virtual founder of the twenty-four equal quarter tone scale".[3] Mishaqa's memoir of the 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war is valuable to historians, as it is the only account written by a survivor[4] of the massacre of Syrian Christians in Damascus, Syria. In 1859 he was appointed vice-consul of the United States in Damascus.[5]

  1. ^ Also transliterated as Mīkhāʾīl Mishāqā, Mikhāʾīl Mishāqah, Mīḫā’īl Mišāqa, Mīḫāyīl Mišāqa, Mikha'il Mishaqah, Miha’İl Mishaqa, Mikhail Meshaka, Mikhail Meshaqa, Mīkhā’īl Mushāqa, Mikhāʾīl Mushāka, Mīkhāʾil Mashāqah, Mīkhāʾīl Mashāka.
  2. ^ Zachs (2001).
  3. ^ Maalouf (2003).
  4. ^ Keenan, Brigid (2001). Damascus Hidden Treasures of the Old City (First ed.). New York: Thames & Hudson. pp. 162. ISBN 0-500-28299-4.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference University of California Press was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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