Back ناقل عصبي أحادي الأمين Arabic Monoamin Danish Monoamine German Neurotransmisor monoamina Spanish Monoamiinid Estonian منوآمین Persian Hermoston välittäjäaine#Monoamiinit Finnish Monoamine French Neurotransmisor monoamina Galician מונואמינים HE
Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). Examples are dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin.
All monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. They are deactivated in the body by the enzymes known as monoamine oxidases which clip off the amine group.
Monoaminergic systems, i.e., the networks of neurons that use monoamine neurotransmitters, are involved in the regulation of processes such as emotion, arousal, and certain types of memory. It has also been found that monoamine neurotransmitters play an important role in the secretion and production of neurotrophin-3 by astrocytes, a chemical which maintains neuron integrity and provides neurons with trophic support.[1]
Drugs used to increase or reduce the effect of monoamine neurotransmitters are used to treat patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.[2]
- ^ Mele T, Čarman-Kržan M, Jurič DM (2010). "Regulatory role of monoamine neurotransmitters in astrocytic NT-3 synthesis". International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. 28 (1): 13–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.10.003. PMID 19854260. S2CID 25734591.
- ^ Kurian MA, Gissen P, Smith M, Heales SJ, Clayton PT (2011). "The monoamine neurotransmitter disorders: An expanding range of neurological syndromes". The Lancet Neurology. 10 (8): 721–33. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70141-7. PMID 21777827. S2CID 32271477.