Montgomery bus boycott

Montgomery bus boycott
Part of the Civil Rights Movement
Rosa Parks on a Montgomery bus on December 21, 1956, the day Montgomery's public transportation system was legally integrated. Behind Parks is Nicholas C. Chriss, a UPI reporter covering the event.
Date	December 5, 1955 – December 20, 1956 (1955-12-05 – 1956-12-20)
Location	Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
Caused by	Racial segregation on public transportation Successful 6-day Baton Rouge bus boycott Claudette Colvin's arrest Rosa Parks' arrest
Resulted in	Browder v. Gayle (1956) Emergence of Martin Luther King Jr. Inspired Tallahassee bus boycott Formation of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Parties
Women's Political Council (WPC) Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) City Commission of Montgomery National City Lines Montgomery City Lines Montgomery Citizens Council
Lead figures
WPC member Jo Ann Robinson MIA members Martin Luther King Jr. E.D. Nixon Rosa Parks Fred Gray City Commission W. A. Gayle, President of the Commission (mayor) Frank Parks, Commissioner Clyde Sellers, Police Commissioner National City Lines Kenneth E. Totten, vice president Montgomery City Lines J.H. Bagley, manager Jack Crenshaw, attorney James F. Blake, bus driver

The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional.^[1]