Muhammad of Negeri Sembilan

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Muhammad محمد‎
Muhammad Shah, c. 1870s
Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan
Reign	29 April 1888 – 1 August 1933
Installation	7 May 1888
Predecessor	Tuanku Antah
Successor	Tuanku Abdul Rahman
Born	(1865-04-25)25 April 1865 Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan, British Malaya
Died	1 August 1933(1933-08-01) (aged 68) Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan, Federated Malay States, British Malaya
Burial	Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum, Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Issue	Tunku Abdul Aziz Tunku Abdul Rahman Tunku Laksamana Nasir Alam Shah Tunku Muhammad Alam Shah
Names Tunku Muhammad ibni Tunku Antah (at birth)
Dynasty	Pagaruyung – House of Yamtuan Raden
Father	Tuanku Antah ibni Almarhum Tuanku Radin
Mother	Cik Halima binti Uggoh
Religion	Sunni Islam

Tuanku Sir Muhammad Shah ibni Almarhum Tuanku Antah GCMG KCVO (Jawi: توانكو سر محمد شاه ابن المرحوم توانكو انته; 25 April 1865 – 1 August 1933) was the seventh Yamtuan Besar of Seri Menanti, and ruled from 1888 to 1933. During his reign, Negeri Sembilan came under British protection in 1889 and became a Federated Malay State in 1895.

In June 1887, he was declared as Yamtuan as recognised by British authority. Tuanku Muhammad re-established the traditional constitution with the four Undangs (Lawgivers) and, on 29 April 1898, he was duly elected by the four Undangs as Yang di-Pertuan Besar; the first election under the modern re-constituted Negeri Sembilan. He was installed on 7 May 1898^[1] at Seri Menanti.

He died in 1933 at the age of 68, having reigned for 45 years. He was buried at the Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum.

He is regarded as the father of Negeri Sembilan's modernisation. After his death, an English school in Kuala Pilah, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tuanku Muhammad was renamed after him in his honour. This school is the second oldest school in Negeri Sembilan, along with its twin in Johor, Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar and High School Batu Pahat were found in 1914 respectively.

Tuanku Muhammad was the first Yamtuan Besar to have received the title 'Sir' from Queen Victoria. He was also the longest-serving monarch of Negeri Sembilan in the state's history. He had also been involved in the Durbar (Conference of Rulers) of Federated Malay States, with Sultan Idris of Perak, Sultan Abdul Samad of Selangor and Sultan Ahmad of Pahang. He is one of the Kings who founded the nation's first residential college, The Malay College in Kuala Kangsar. His son and great-grandson, Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan and Tuanku Ja'afar would go on to study there as teenagers, who eventually become the first and tenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong respectively.

Tuanku Muhammad oversaw the building of both the Istana Lama (now the Royal Museum of Seri Menanti), and the Istana Besar.