Back الفتح الإسلامي للأندلس Arabic لفتح لإسلامي للأندلوس ARY فتح الاندلس ARZ Conquista musulmana de la Península Ibérica AST Арабско завоюване на Иберийския полуостров Bulgarian মুসলিমদের স্পেন বিজয় Bengali/Bangla Conquesta omeia d'Hispània Catalan Muslimské dobytí Španělska Czech Muslimische Eroberung der Iberischen Halbinsel German Αραβική κατάκτηση της Ιβηρικής χερσονήσου Greek
| Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the early Muslim conquests | |||||||||
 Map of the Umayyad Conquests of Hispania | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Umayyad Caliphate |
Visigothic Kingdom Kingdom of Asturias | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik Musa ibn Nusayr Tariq ibn Ziyad Tarif ibn Malik Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa Uthman ibn Naissa Julian, Count of Ceuta |
Roderic † Theodemir  Achila II † Oppas (MIA) Ardo Pelagius of Asturias Peter of Cantabria | ||||||||
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (Arabic: فَتْحُ الأَنْدَلُس, romanized: fataḥ al-andalus), also known as the Arab conquest of Spain,[1] by the Umayyad Caliphate occurred between approximately 711 and the 720s. The conquest resulted in the destruction of the Christian Visigothic Kingdom of Spain and led to the establishment of a Muslim Arabian-Moorish state (or wilayah), Al-Andalus.
During the caliphate of the sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715), military commander Tariq ibn Ziyad departed from North Africa in early 711 to cross the Straits of Gibraltar, with a force of about 1,700 men, to launch a military expedition against the Visigoth-controlled Kingdom of Toledo, which encompassed the former territory of Roman Hispania.[2][3][4][5] After defeating king Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete in July the same year, Tariq was reinforced by an Arab force led by his superior wali Musa ibn Nusayr and continued northward.
In 713, Theodemir, the Visigothic count of Murcia conditionally surrendered, and in 715, Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa was named the first governor of Al-Andalus, naming Seville as his capital. By 717, the Umayyads had invaded Gaul to launch their first raids into Septimania. By 719, Barcelona and Narbonne had also been captured. From 740 to 742, the invasion was then disrupted by the Berber Revolt, and in 755 when an Abbasid force led by Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri landed to claim the territory from the Umayyads. However, an Umayyad army was decisively defeated by Pelagius of Asturias at the Battle of Covadonga in the mountains of Asturias, securing a Christian stronghold in Northern Spain.
By 781, Abd al-Rahman I had quashed all rebellions and rivals and consolidated Umayyad rule over an almost wholly reunified Iberia, a presence that would remain until the Reconquista, which was aimed at reclaiming the entire Iberian Peninsula for Christianity.[6]
- ^ Breit, Michael (24 September 2009). "The Arab conquest of Spain, 710–797. By Roger Collins. (A History of Spain, Vol. III.) pp. xii, 239. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1989". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1 (2): 273–276. doi:10.1017/S1356186300000651. ISSN 1474-0591.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Nagy, Luqman (2008). The book of Islamic dynasties: a celebration of Islamic history and culture. Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd. p. 9. ISBN 9781842000915.
- ^ Andalusí, Fundación El Legado. Maroc et Espagne: une histoire commune publié par Fundación El Legado Andalusí. Fundación El legado andalusì. ISBN 9788496395046. Retrieved 26 May 2010 – via Books google.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fromherz, Allen: The Near West: Medieval North Africa, Latin Europe, and the Mediterranean in the Second Axial Age (2017)[ISBN missing][page needed]