Musta'min

Mustaʾmīn or Musta'man (Arabic: مستأمن) is a historical Islamic term for a non-Muslim foreigner temporarily residing in Muslim lands with aman, or guarantee of short-term safe-conduct (aman mu'aqqat), affording the protected status of dhimmi (non-Muslim subjects permanently living in a Muslim-ruled land) without the payment of jizya.^[1]

Merchants, messengers, students and other groups could be given an aman,^[1] while foreign envoys and emissaries were automatically protected.^[2]

^ ^a ^b Khadduri p. 163
^ Wael, B. Hallaq (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice and Transformations. Cambridge University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-521-86147-2.

[Khadduri_p._163-1] Khadduri p. 163

[waelhallaq-2] Wael, B. Hallaq (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice and Transformations. Cambridge University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-521-86147-2.

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[2]