Myelin basic protein

MBP
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ZGL, 1BX2, 1FV1, 1HQR, 1K2D, 1YMM
Identifiers
Aliases	MBP, myelin basic protein
External IDs	OMIM: 159430; MGI: 96925; HomoloGene: 1788; GeneCards: MBP; OMA:MBP - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 18 (human)[1] Band 18q23 Start 76,978,827 bp[1] End 77,133,683 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse)[2] Band 18 E3|18 55.84 cM Start 82,493,271 bp[2] End 82,603,762 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pons external globus pallidus inferior ganglion of vagus nerve superior vestibular nucleus C1 segment subthalamic nucleus pars reticulata optic nerve inferior olivary nucleus dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve Top expressed in globus pallidus lateral geniculate nucleus medial geniculate nucleus deep cerebellar nuclei dorsal tegmental nucleus pontine nuclei lateral hypothalamus medial vestibular nucleus ventral tegmental area substantia nigra More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding protease binding calmodulin binding structural constituent of myelin sheath Cellular component nucleus cell projection membrane plasma membrane intracellular anatomical structure internode region of axon neuronal cell body myelin sheath compact myelin cell periphery cell surface protein-containing complex Biological process chemical synaptic transmission membrane organization central nervous system development axon ensheathment substantia nigra development response to toxic substance immune response hearing MAPK cascade negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion maintenance of blood-brain barrier myelination positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4155 17196 Ensembl ENSG00000197971 ENSMUSG00000041607 UniProt P02686 P04370 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001025081 NM_001025090 NM_001025092 NM_001025094 NM_001025098 NM_001025100 NM_001025101 NM_002385 NM_001025245 NM_001025251 NM_001025254 NM_001025255 NM_001025256 NM_001025258 NM_001025259 NM_010777 RefSeq (protein) NP_001020252 NP_001020261 NP_001020263 NP_001020271 NP_001020272 NP_002376 NP_001020416 NP_001020422 NP_001020425 NP_001020426 NP_001020427 NP_001020429 NP_001020430 NP_034907 Location (UCSC) Chr 18: 76.98 – 77.13 Mb Chr 18: 82.49 – 82.6 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction.^[5] MBP maintains the correct structure of myelin, interacting with the lipids in the myelin membrane.^[6][7]

MBP was initially sequenced in 1971 after isolation from bovine myelin membranes.^[8] MBP knockout mice called shiverer mice were subsequently developed and characterized in the early 1980s. Shiverer mice exhibit decreased amounts of CNS myelination and a progressive disorder characterized by tremors, seizures, and early death. The human gene for MBP is on chromosome 18;^[9] the protein localizes to the CNS and to various cells of the hematopoietic lineage.

The pool of MBP in the central nervous system is very diverse, with several splice variants being expressed and a large number of post-translational modifications on the protein, which include phosphorylation, methylation, deamidation, and citrullination. These forms differ by the presence or the absence of short (10 to 20 residues) peptides in various internal locations in the sequence. In general, the major form of MBP is a protein of about 18.5 Kd (170 residues).

In melanocytic cell types, MBP gene expression may be regulated by MITF.^[10]