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Neo-nationalism

This article is about the global nationalist-populist wave that appeared in the mid-2010s. For the policy associated with Theodore Roosevelt, see New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt).

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Neo-nationalism,[1][2][3] or new nationalism,[4][5] is an ideology and political movement built on the basic characteristics of classical nationalism.[6] It developed to its final form by applying elements with reactionary character generated as a reaction to the political, economic and socio-cultural changes that came with globalization during the second wave of globalization in the 1980s.[7][8][9]

Neo-nationalism is associated with several positions such as right-wing populism,[10] anti-globalization,[11] nativism,[10] protectionism,[12] opposition to immigration,[2] Islamophobia in non-Muslim-majority countries,[13] and Euroscepticism, where applicable. With globalisation and the idea of a single nation, neo-nationalists see the problems of identification and threatened identities.[14][15] They call for the protection of symbolic heritage, like art and folk traditions, which is also common for cultural nationalism.[16]

Particularly notable expressions of new nationalism include the vote for Brexit in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum and the 2016 election of Donald Trump as the president of the United States.[17][18][19] Several neo-nationalist politicians have come to power or run strongly during the 2010s and 2020s, including Giorgia Meloni in Italy,[20] Marine Le Pen in France,[21] Rodrigo Duterte and Bongbong Marcos in the Philippines,[22][23] and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil.[24]

  1. ^ Stephens, Bret (21 November 2016). "Trump's Neo-Nationalists". The Wall Street Journal.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ecr was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Bergmann, Eirikur (2020). Neo-Nationalism: The Rise of Nativist Populism. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-41772-7.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hirsh was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Goldberg was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Banks, Marcus (1996). Ethnicity : anthropological constructions. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-41793-5. OCLC 229923551.
  7. ^ Holston, J.; Appadurai, A. (1 January 1996). "Cities and Citizenship". Public Culture. 8 (2): 187–204. doi:10.1215/08992363-8-2-187. ISSN 0899-2363.
  8. ^ Beck, Ulrich. Sopp, Peter. (1997). Individualisierung und Integration : Neue Konfliktlinien und neuer Integrationsmodus. Leske + Budrich. ISBN 978-3-8100-1848-9. OCLC 472507579.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Hannerz, U. (1996). Transactional connections : culture, people, places. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-14309-7. OCLC 849306953.
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ft was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Stokes, Bruce (19 December 2016). "Analysis: Europe's far-right anger is moving mainstream". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference opendemocracy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Bangstad, Sindre (2018). "The New Nationalism and its Relationship to Islam". Diversity and Contestations over Nationalism in Europe and Canada. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 285–311. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-58987-3_11. ISBN 978-1-137-58986-6.
  14. ^ Jenkins, Richard (1952). Social Identity. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis. doi:10.4324/9780203292990 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISBN 978-0-203-29299-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  15. ^ Macdonald, Sharon. (1993). Inside European identities : ethnography in Western Europe. Berg. ISBN 978-0-85496-723-0. OCLC 25831986.
  16. ^ Hutchinson, John (1 March 2013). "Cultural Nationalism". Oxford Handbooks Online. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199209194.013.0005.
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference economist new nationalism was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Persaud was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rushkoff was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Kirby, Paul (26 September 2022). "Giorgia Meloni: Italy's far-right wins election and vows to govern for all". BBC News. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  21. ^ Zreik, Mohamad (14 August 2019). "Marine Le Pen's Nationalist Ideology and the Rise of Right-Wing Parties in Europe". Modern Diplomacy. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  22. ^ Donald Kirk (9 May 2022). "The Filipino Trump: Ferdinand 'Bongbong' Marcos Jr Heading for Presidential Landslide". Thedailybeast.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  23. ^ "President Trump and Philippine President Duterte: Why they're alike". Usatoday.com. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  24. ^ Stevenson, Chris (1 January 2019). "Some cheer, some feel fear in Brazil as far-right president Jair Bolsonaro is sworn in". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2021.

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